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An associate degree is an undergraduate degree awarded, primarily in the United States, after a course of post-secondary study lasting two or three years. It is a level of qualification between a high school diploma or GED and a bachelor's degree.

The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are[when?] no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898. In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor's degree.[1] Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries.

In the United States, associate degrees are usually earned in two years or more and can be attained at community colleges, technical colleges, vocational schools, and some colleges, as well as at some universities. A student who completes a two-year program can earn an Associate of Arts/Associate in Arts (AA)[25] or an Associate of Science/Associate in Science (AS) degree.[25] AA degrees are usually earned in the Liberal Arts and Sciences such as humanities and social science fields; AS degrees are awarded to those studying in applied scientific and technical fields and professional fields of study. Generally, one year of study is focused on college level general education and the second year is focused on the area of discipline.

Students who complete a two-year technical or vocational program can often earn an Associate of Applied Science/Associate in Applied Science (AAS), although sometimes the degree name will include the subject (a "tagged" degree).[26]

Transfer admissions in the United States sometimes allows courses taken and credits earned on an AA, AS, or AAS course to be counted toward a bachelor's degree via articulation agreements or recognition of prior learning, depending on the courses taken, applicable state laws/regulations, and the transfer requirements of the university.[27]

Common associate degree titles include:[26]

• Associate of Applied Business (AAB)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)
• Associate of Applied Technology (AAT)
• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Arts in Teaching (AAT)
• Associate of Business Administration (ABA)
• Associate of Electrical Engineering Technology (AEET)
• Associate of Electronics (AE)
• Associate of Engineering (AE/AEng)
• Associate of Engineering Technology (AET/AEngT)
• Associate of Forestry (AF)
• Associate of General Studies (AGS)
• Associate of Industrial Technology (AIT)
• Associate of Nursing (AN)/Associate Degree Nurse/Nursing (ADN)
• Associate of Occupational Studies (AOS)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Science in Computer Assisted Design (AS-CAD)
• Associate of Technology (AT)

• "Glossary". EducationUSA.state.gov.

• "Introduction of Associate Degree in 2004". Australian Qualifications Framework Advisory Board. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

• "Main features of the Associate Degree". Australian Qualifications Framework Advisory Board. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate Degrees". British Columbia Commission on Admissions and Transfer. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate Degrees". Douglas College. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Diploma Programs at Ontario Colleges". ontariocolleges.ca. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

• "Postsecondary Education in Quebec". Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

• "The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA)" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

• "Recognition Ireland Statement on US associate degree". Qualificationsrecognition.ie. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-12.

• "EQUIVALENCE DE DIPLOME (Degree equivalence)". voilanewyork.com. Retrieved 2014-03-29.

• [1] Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

• "The Dutch Education System described" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• William Crookes (1877). The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science. XXXVI. p. 128.

• The Durham College of Science Calendar 1884, pp. 13, 24.

• Levine 1978, p. 158: "The world's first associate's degree, the associate in science, was awarded by England's University of Durham in 1873. The University of Chicago awarded the first American associate's degree in 1898. It offered associate in arts, associate in literature, and associate in science degrees."

• Groves 2011, pp. 160–161, 369.

• Palinchak 1973, pp. 64–65.

• Acland 1858.

• "Summary guide to HNC and HND qualifications" (PDF). Retrieved 22 January 2016.

• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.

• "Get An Associate Degree in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. 1 August 2014.

• "Q & A on Sub-degree Programmes". Information Portal for Accredited Post-secondary Programmes. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate degree not career booster: Survey". China Daily Asia. 11 July 2016.

• Victor Fung Keung (6 September 2016). "Don't see Hong Kong's associate degrees as substandard".

• "Degree Programs". College of DuPage. Retrieved 1 August 2016.

• "USNEI". Education USA. US Department of Education.

• "Student Zone – College – Finding/Applying". College Zone. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

Computer animation is the process used for digitally generating animated images. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to the moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings. Sometimes, the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes film as well.

Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer-generated animations are more controllable than other more physically based processes, constructing miniatures for effects shots or hiring extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any other technology. It can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer monitor and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to it, but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24, 25 or 30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures.

For 3D animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton. For 2D figure animations, separate objects (illustrations) and separate transparent layers are used with or without that virtual skeleton. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames. The differences in appearance between key frames are automatically calculated by the computer in a process known as tweening or morphing. Finally, the animation is rendered.

For 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after the modeling is complete. For 2D vector animations, the rendering process is the key frame illustration process, while tweened frames are rendered as needed. For pre-recorded presentations, the rendered frames are transferred to a different format or medium, like digital video. The frames may also be rendered in real time as they are presented to the end-user audience. Low bandwidth animations transmitted via the internet (e.g. Adobe Flash, X3D) often use software on the end-users computer to render in real time as an alternative to streaming or pre-loaded high bandwidth animations.

        Industry Description

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/GD	Design- Animation
School: Collins College Program: Collins College Associate of Occupational Studies Degree in Animation students are introduced to a visual world limited only to the imagination! Students will have opportunities to learn traditional and computer animation and produce demo reels on Silicon Graphics (SGI) workstations running Alias/Wavefront's animation software-the software used by the industry today. :: Concentration: Digital/Animation :: Campus    ::  Location: Tempe, AZ ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/GD	Computer Animation
School: International Academy of Design & Technology Program: The Associate of Science degree in Computer Animation will provide students with both the conceptual and technical skills needed to enter the field of computer animation, utilizing Silicon Graphics workstations and SoftImage or Alias/Wavefront software. :: Concentration: Digital/Animation :: Campus    ::  Location: Tampa, FL ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/GD	Digital Arts and Animation
School: Katharine Gibbs School Program: The Associates Degree in Applied Science in Digital Arts and Animation is an 18-month degree program designed to prepare students for entry-level positions in animation design studios, advertising, broadcast design, and storyboarding. This program provides an integrated series of learning experiences designed to guide the student through the technical development and artistic awareness needed for their chosen field. The course work will focus on drawing skills, movement studies, the understanding of anatomy and movement, an in-depth focus on the software and computer operations current in the field, and critical thinking skills. Included in the lecture and studio experience here will be figure drawing, script writing, storyboarding, character animation, and digital film editing. Students should have developed a reel and digital portfolio upon completion of the program. :: Concentration: Digital/Animation :: Campus    ::  Location: Melville, NY ::  more info

Industry Description

The Associates Degree in Applied Science in Digital Arts and Animation is an 18-month degree program designed to prepare students for entry-level positions in animation design studios, advertising, broadcast design, and storyboarding. This program provides an integrated series of learning experiences designed to guide the student through the technical development and artistic awareness needed for their chosen field. The course work will focus on drawing skills, movement studies, the understanding of anatomy and movement, an in-depth focus on the software and computer operations current in the field, and critical thinking skills. Included in the lecture and studio experience here will be figure drawing, script writing, storyboarding, character animation, and digital film editing. Students should have developed a reel and digital portfolio upon completion of the program.

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