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The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well as the applied, decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' was often restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the handicraft, craft, or applied art media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.

Today, the term design is widely associated with the applied arts as initiated by Raymond Loewy and teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm) in Germany during the 20th century.

The boundaries between art and design are blurred, largely due to a range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'. Applied arts has been used as an umbrella term to define fields of industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, etc. The term 'decorative arts' is a traditional term used in historical discourses to describe craft objects, and also sits within the umbrella of applied arts. In graphic arts (2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration), the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art, based on the context within which the work is produced and how it is traded.

To a degree, some methods for creating work, such as employing intuition, are shared across the disciplines within the applied arts and fine art.

A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design. A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media, such as brochures (sometimes) and advertising. They are also sometimes responsible for typesetting, illustration, user interfaces, and web design. A core responsibility of the designer's job is to present information in a way that is both accessible and memorable.

A Bachelor's degree or certificate from an accredited trade school is usually considered essential for a graphic design position. After a career history has been established, though, the graphic designer's experience and number of years in the business are considered the primary qualifications. A portfolio, which is the primary method for demonstrating these qualifications, is usually required to be shown at job interviews, and is constantly developed throughout a designer's career.

One can obtain an AAS, BA, BFA, BCA, MFA or an MPhil / PhD in graphic design. Degree programs available vary depending upon the institution, although typical U.S. graphic design jobs may require at least some form of degree.

California Institute of the Arts
Program in Graphic Design

Maine College of Art
Undergraduate program in Graphic Design (BFA)

Massachusetts College of Art & Design
Graphic Design undergraduate program (BFA)

Parsons School of Design, New York
Undergraduate Type Design

Portland State University
Intro Level Type Design Course

Pratt Institute
School of Art and Design

Rhode Island School of Design
1 Undergraduate and Masters Introduction to Type Design course

Savannah College of Art and Design
1 type face design undergraduate, 3 graduate level typeface design classes and 1 typeface marketing

School of Visual Arts (SVA), New York
Continuing Education course in Type Design

The Art Institute of California – Orange County (AiOC), California
1 Undergraduate advanced typography course

University of Washington School of Art
The Visual Communication Design Program

Yale School of Art
Letterform/Type Design

California College of the Arts
One class on typeface design, offered as an investigative studio in junior year

Type West at Letterform Archive
A year-long postgraduate certificate in typeface design grounded in the Letterform Archive collection of over 50,000 specimens from type and design history

Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques, and tools that are the foundation of Web application development and which support their design, development, evolution, and evaluation. Web application development has certain characteristics that make it different from traditional software, information system, or computer application development.

Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation. Web engineering is neither a clone nor a subset of software engineering, although both involve programming and software development. While Web Engineering uses software engineering principles, it encompasses new approaches, methodologies, tools, techniques, and guidelines to meet the unique requirements of Web-based applications.

Florida (/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (listen); Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive (65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2), the 3rd-most populous (21,312,211 inhabitants),[10] and the 8th-most densely populated (384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2) of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. Tallahassee is the state's capital.

State of Florida
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The Sunshine State
Motto(s): In God We Trust[1]
State song(s): "Old Folks at Home (State Song), Florida (Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky) (State Anthem)"
Official language	English[2]
Spoken languages	Predominantly English and Spanish[3]
Demonym	Floridian, Floridan
Capital	Tallahassee
Largest city	Jacksonville
Largest metro	Greater Miami
Area	Ranked 22nd
• Total	65,757.70[4] sq mi (170,312 km2)
• Width	361 miles (582 km)
• Length	447 miles (721 km)
• % water	17.9
• Latitude	24° 27' N to 31° 00' N
• Longitude	80° 02' W to 87° 38' W
Population	Ranked 3rd
• Total	21,299,325 (2018 est.)[5]
• Density	384.3/sq mi  (121.0/km2) Ranked 8th
• Median household income	$52,594[6] (40th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Britton Hill[7][8] 345 ft (105 m)
• Mean	100 ft  (30 m)
• Lowest point	Atlantic Ocean[7] Sea level
Before statehood	Florida Territory
Admitted to the Union	March 3, 1845 (27th)
Governor	Ron DeSantis (R)
Lieutenant Governor	Jeanette Núñez (R)
Legislature	Florida Legislature
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Marco Rubio (R) Rick Scott (R)
U.S. House delegation	14 Republicans 13 Democrats (list)
Time zones
• Peninsula and "Big Bend" region	EST: UTC −5/−4
• Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River	CST: UTC −6/−5
ISO 3166	US-FL
Abbreviations	FL, Fla.
Website	myflorida.com

Florida state symbols
The Flag of Florida
The Seal of Florida
Living insignia
Amphibian	Barking tree frog
Bird	Northern mockingbird
Fish	Florida largemouth bass, Atlantic sailfish
Flower	Orange blossom
Insect	Zebra longwing
Mammal	Florida panther, manatee, bottlenose dolphin, Florida Cracker Horse[9]
Reptile	American alligator, Loggerhead turtle, Gopher tortoise[9]
Tree	Sabal palmetto
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Orange juice
Food	Key lime pie, Orange
Gemstone	Moonstone
Rock	Agatized coral
Shell	Horse conch
Soil	Myakka
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2004
Lists of United States state symbols

Florida's $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States.[11] If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018.[12] In 2017, Florida's per capita personal income was $47,684, ranking 26th in the nation.[13] The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States.[14] Florida exports nearly $55 billion in goods made in the state, the 8th highest among all states.[15] The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017.[16] This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145.3 billion. Florida is home to 51 of the world's billionaires with most of them residing in South Florida.[17]

The first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who called it la Florida ([la floˈɾiða] "the land of flowers") upon landing there in the Easter season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida.[18] Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans, and racial segregation after the American Civil War.

Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues. The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, winter vegetables, the Kennedy Space Center, and as a popular destination for retirees. Florida is the flattest state in the United States.[19] Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in the U.S. state of Florida.[20]

Florida's close proximity to the ocean influences many aspects of Florida culture and daily life. Florida is a reflection of influences and multiple inheritance; African, European, indigenous, and Latino heritages can be found in the architecture and cuisine. Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, and water sports. Several beaches in Florida have turquoise and emerald-colored coastal waters.[21]

About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), not including the contribution of the many barrier islands.[22] Florida has a total of 4,510 islands that are ten acres or larger in area.[23][24] This is the second-highest number of islands of any state of the United States; only Alaska has more.[23] It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.[25] The American alligator, American crocodile, American flamingo, Roseate spoonbill, Florida panther, bottlenose dolphin, and manatee can be found in Everglades National Park in the southern part of the state. Along with Hawaii, Florida is one of only two states that has a tropical climate, and is the only continental state with either a tropical climate or a coral reef. The Florida Reef[26] is the only living coral barrier reef in the continental United States,[27] and the third-largest coral barrier reef system in the world (after the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef).[28]

Florida's economy ranks among the largest in the world. As of Q2 2018, the gross state product (GSP) is about $1.0 trillion,[220] the fourth largest economy in the United States.[220] Florida is responsible for 5.0 percent of the United States' approximate $20.4 trillion gross domestic product (GDP). As of 2018, Florida's nominal GDP is larger than all but 16 countries.[221] In terms of Purchasing Power Parity, it is larger than all but 24 countries.[222] In the twentieth century, tourism, industry, construction, international banking, biomedical and life sciences, healthcare research, simulation training, aerospace and defense, and commercial space travel have contributed to the state's economic development.[223]

The five largest sectors of employment in Florida are: trade, transportation, and utilities; government; professional and business services; education and health services; and leisure and hospitality.[224] In output, the five largest sectors are: finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing, followed by professional and business services; government and government enterprises; educational services, health care, and social assistance; and retail trade.[225]

In 2017, Florida became the United States' eighth largest exporter of trade goods. Florida's top countries for export are Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Germany, and Colombia.[226] In 2017, Florida became the United States' tenth largest importer of trade goods. Florida imported US$75.4 billion worth of goods from around the globe in 2017. The value of Florida's imports equals 3.2% of United States' overall imported products for 2017. Florida's top countries for imports are China, Mexico, Canada, Germany, and France.[227]

The Miami Metropolitan Area has the highest GDP of all the metro areas in Florida with $344.9 billion in 2017.[16] This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145.3 billion. The economy of Florida is driven almost entirely by its nineteen metropolitan areas. In 2004, they had a combined total of 95.7% of the state's domestic product.[228]

Per capita GDP in 2017 was $39,842, ranking fortieth in the nation.[229] Per capita income varies widely by geographic region and profession. North Florida and the rural counties of the Florida Panhandle are the most impoverished in the state. Florida has a poverty rate of 14.0%, the seventeenth lowest of any state in the country. Many coastal cities include some of the wealthiest per-capita areas in the United States.

In 2018, there were more than 427,824 millionaires in the state, the fourth highest number in the nation.[230]

For 2018–19, the approved state budget is $88.7 billion, a 4.4% increase over the previous 2017–18 budget of $84.9 billion. Chief Executive Magazine named Florida the third "Best State for Business" in 2011.[231]

The State University System of Florida was founded in 1905, and is governed by the Florida Board of Governors. During the 2010 academic year, 312,216 students attended one of these twelve universities. The Florida College System comprises 28 public community and state colleges. In 2011–12, enrollment consisted of more than 875,000 students.[289] As of 2017, the University of Central Florida, with over 64,000 students, is the largest university by enrollment in the United States.[290] Florida's first private university, Stetson University, was founded in 1883. The Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida is an association of 28 private, educational institutions in the state.[291] This Association reported that their member institutions served over 121,000 students in the fall of 2006.[292]

In 2016, Florida charged the second lowest tuition in the nation for four years, $26,000 for in-state students, to $86,000 for out-of-state students. This compares with an average of $34,800 nationally for in-state students.[293]

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CA/WD	Web Development - Bachelor's Degree From The International Academy of Design and Technology Tampa, Florida
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