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In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as "undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations .... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users."

In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems". The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are maintained, upgraded and replaced.

The business value of information technology lies in the automation of business processes, provision of information for decision making, connecting businesses with their customers, and the provision of productivity tools to increase efficiency.

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data,[1] or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications system or, more specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited group of users.

Information systems (IS) are formal, sociotechnical, organizational systems designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. In a sociotechnical perspective, information systems are composed by four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology.

A computer information system is a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information. The term is also sometimes used in more restricted senses to refer to only the software used to run a computerized database or to refer to only a computer system.

Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and the aforementioned communication networks.

Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision-making. An information system is the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.

Alter argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans or machines perform processes and activities using resources to produce specific products or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying information.

As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.

Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics.

Louisiana (/luˌiːziˈænə/ (listen), /ˌluːzi-/ (listen))[a] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States. It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.

State of Louisiana État de Louisiane  (French)
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Bayou State • Creole State • Pelican State (official) Sportsman's Paradise • The Boot
Motto(s): Union, Justice, Confidence
State song(s): ""Give Me Louisiana" "You Are My Sunshine" "State March Song" "Gifts of the Earth""
Official language	No official language
Spoken languages	As of 2010[1] English 91.26% French 3.45% (incl. Cajun and Creole) Spanish 3.30% Vietnamese 0.59%
Demonym	Louisianian (French: Louisianais)
Capital	Baton Rouge
Largest city	New Orleans[2][3][4]
Largest metro	Greater New Orleans
Area	Ranked 31st
• Total	52,378.13 sq mi (135,382 km2)
• Width	130 miles (210 km)
• Length	379 miles (610 km)
• % water	15
• Latitude	28° 56′ N to 33° 01′ N
• Longitude	88° 49′ W to 94° 03′ W
Population	Ranked 25th
• Total	4,659,978 (2018)
• Density	93.6/sq mi  (34.6/km2) Ranked 24th
• Median household income	$42,196[5] (48th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Driskill Mountain[6][7] 535 ft (163 m)
• Mean	100 ft  (30 m)
• Lowest point	New Orleans[6][7] −8 ft (−2.5 m)
Before statehood	Territory of Orleans
Admitted to the Union	April 30, 1812 (18th)
Governor	John Bel Edwards (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Billy Nungesser (R)
Legislature	State Legislature
• Upper house	State Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Bill Cassidy (R) John Kennedy (R)
U.S. House delegation	5 Republicans 1 Democrat (list)
Time zone	Central: UTC −6/−5
ISO 3166	US-LA
Abbreviations	LA, La.
Website	louisiana.gov

Louisiana state symbols
The Flag of Louisiana
The Seal of Louisiana
Living insignia
Bird	Brown pelican
Dog breed	Catahoula Leopard Dog
Fish	White perch
Flower	Magnolia
Insect	Honeybee
Mammal	Black bear
Reptile	Alligator
Tree	Bald cypress
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Fossil	Petrified palmwood
Gemstone	Agate
Instrument	Diatonic accordion
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2002
Lists of United States state symbols

Louisiana entrance sign off Interstate 20 in Madison Parish east of Tallulah

Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp.[9][self-published source] These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants.[9] Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.[10]

Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by a mixture of 18th-century French, Haitian, Spanish, Native American, and African cultures that they are considered to be exceptional in the US. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, present-day Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a brief period a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. In the post-Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974.[11][12] There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates "the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, linguistic, and cultural origins."[11]

The total gross state product in 2010 for Louisiana was US$213.6 billion, placing it 24th in the nation. Its per capita personal income is $30,952, ranking 41st in the United States.[117][118]

In 2014, Louisiana was ranked as one of the most small business friendly states, based on a study drawing upon data from over 12,000 small business owners.[119]

The state's principal agricultural products include seafood (it is the biggest producer of crawfish in the world, supplying approximately 90%), cotton, soybeans, cattle, sugarcane, poultry and eggs, dairy products, and rice. Industry generates chemical products, petroleum and coal products, processed foods and transportation equipment, and paper products. Tourism is an important element in the economy, especially in the New Orleans area.

The Port of South Louisiana, located on the Mississippi River between New Orleans and Baton Rouge, is the largest volume shipping port in the Western Hemisphere and 4th largest in the world, as well as the largest bulk cargo port in the world.[120]

New Orleans, Shreveport, and Baton Rouge are home to a thriving film industry.[121] State financial incentives since 2002 and aggressive promotion have given Louisiana the nickname "Hollywood South". Because of its distinctive culture within the United States, only Alaska is Louisiana's rival in popularity as a setting for reality television programs.[122] In late 2007 and early 2008, a 300,000-square-foot (28,000 m2) film studio was scheduled to open in Tremé, with state-of-the-art production facilities, and a film training institute.[123]Tabasco sauce, which is marketed by one of the United States' biggest producers of hot sauce, the McIlhenny Company, originated on Avery Island.[124]

Louisiana has three personal income tax brackets, ranging from 2% to 6%. The sales tax rate is 4%: a 3.97% Louisiana sales tax and a .03% Louisiana Tourism Promotion District sales tax. Political subdivisions also levy their own sales tax in addition to the state fees. The state also has a use tax, which includes 4% to be distributed by the Department of Revenue to local governments. Property taxes are assessed and collected at the local level. Louisiana is a subsidized state, receiving $1.44 from the federal government for every dollar paid in.

Tourism and culture are major players in Louisiana's economy, earning an estimated $5.2 billion per year.[125] Louisiana also hosts many important cultural events, such as the World Cultural Economic Forum, which is held annually in the fall at the New Orleans Morial Convention Center.[126]

As of July 2017, the state's unemployment rate was 5.3%.[127]

Louisiana is home to several notable colleges and universities, which include Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and Tulane University in New Orleans. Louisiana State University is the largest and most comprehensive university in Louisiana.[141] Tulane University is a major private research university and the wealthiest university in Louisiana with an endowment over $1.1 billion.[142] Tulane is also highly regarded for its academics nationwide, ranked fortieth on U.S. News & World Report's 2018 list of best national universities.[143]

The Louisiana Science Education Act[144] is a controversial law passed by the Louisiana Legislature on June 11, 2008 and signed into law by Governor Bobby Jindal on June 25. The act allows public school teachers to use supplemental materials in the science classroom which are critical of established science on such topics as the theory of evolution and global warming.[145][146]

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Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/IS	Information Technology
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) program is focused on the acquisition of theory and technical competencies associated with the information technology profession. The courses provide fundamental knowledge and application in both the information systems function and in system development. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Baton Rouge, LA ::  more info

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AA/IS	Computer Information Systems
School: Herzing College Program: Click the "Go" button for information directly from the sponsor. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: New Orleans, LA ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/IS	Information Technology
School: Herzing College Program: Click the "Go" button for information directly from the sponsor. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: New Orleans, LA ::  more info

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The Information Technology (IT) program is designed for the baccalaureate-level college graduate seeking to pursue a career in IT. The program is structured around a core of technology-oriented specialty courses with emphasis on applying computer technology to solve business problems.

Students draw on their college and business backgrounds as they work in teams to develop solutions to case studies. Project management, communication skills and ongoing IT administration, all of which are critically important in today's rapidly changing business environment, are integrated across the program.

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