Get Your Degree Online!

:: Information Systems

In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as "undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations .... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users."

In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems". The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are maintained, upgraded and replaced.

The business value of information technology lies in the automation of business processes, provision of information for decision making, connecting businesses with their customers, and the provision of productivity tools to increase efficiency.

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data,[1] or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications system or, more specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited group of users.

Information systems (IS) are formal, sociotechnical, organizational systems designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. In a sociotechnical perspective, information systems are composed by four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology.

A computer information system is a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information. The term is also sometimes used in more restricted senses to refer to only the software used to run a computerized database or to refer to only a computer system.

Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and the aforementioned communication networks.

Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision-making. An information system is the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.

Alter argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans or machines perform processes and activities using resources to produce specific products or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying information.

As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.

Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics.

Pennsylvania (/ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪniə/ (listen) PEN-sil-VAY-nee-ə), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle. The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Keystone State;[1] Quaker State
Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence
State song(s): "Pennsylvania"
Official language	None
Spoken languages	English 90.15% Spanish 4.09% German (Including Pennsylvania German) 0.87% Chinese 0.47% Italian 0.43%[2]
Demonym	Pennsylvanian
Capital	Harrisburg
Largest city	Philadelphia
Largest metro	Delaware Valley
Area	Ranked 33rd
• Total	46,055 sq mi (119,283 km2)
• Width	283 miles (455 km)
• Length	170 miles (273 km)
• % water	2.7
• Latitude	39° 43′ to 42° 16′ N
• Longitude	74° 41′ to 80° 31′ W
Population	Ranked 5th
• Total	12,807,060 (2018)
• Density	284/sq mi  (110/km2) Ranked 9th
• Median household income	$59,195[3] (25th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Mount Davis[4][5] 3,213 ft (979 m)
• Mean	1,100 ft  (340 m)
• Lowest point	Delaware River at Delaware border[4] Sea level
Before statehood	Province of Pennsylvania
Admitted to the Union	December 12, 1787 (2nd)
Governor	Tom Wolf (D)
Lieutenant Governor	John Fetterman (D)
Legislature	General Assembly
• Upper house	State Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Bob Casey Jr. (D) Pat Toomey (R)
U.S. House delegation	9 Democrats 8 Republicans 1 Vacant (list)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166	US-PA
Abbreviations	PA, Pa., Penn., Penna.
Website	www.pa.gov

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap

Interactive map of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania state symbols
The Flag of Pennsylvania
The Seal of Pennsylvania
Living insignia
Amphibian	Eastern Hellbender
Bird	Ruffed grouse
Dog breed	Great Dane
Fish	Brook trout
Flower	Mountain laurel
Insect	Firefly (Photuris pensylvanica)
Mammal	White-tailed deer
Tree	Eastern hemlock
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Dance	Polka
Food	Chocolate Chip Cookie [6]
Fossil	Trilobite
Soil	Hazleton
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 1999
Lists of United States state symbols

Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area, and the 6th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010. It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states. Pennsylvania's two most populous cities are Philadelphia (1,580,863), and Pittsburgh (302,407). The state capital and its 10th largest city is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary.[7]

The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn, the son of the state's namesake. Part of Pennsylvania (along the Delaware River), together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden. It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12, 1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the state's largest city of Philadelphia. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington's headquarters during the bitter winter of 1777–78.

Pennsylvania's 2016 total gross state product (GSP) of $719.8 billion ranks the state 6th in the nation.[105] If Pennsylvania were an independent country, its economy would rank as the 19th-largest in the world.[106] On a per-capita basis, Pennsylvania's 2016 per-capita GSP of $50,665 (in chained 2009 dollars) ranks 22nd among the 50 states.[105]

Geo map of average income by location in Pennsylvania. Data shown is from the 2014 American Community Survey 5-year estimate.

Philadelphia in the southeast corner, Pittsburgh in the southwest corner, Erie in the northwest corner, Scranton-Wilkes-Barre in the northeast corner, and Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton in the east central region are urban manufacturing centers. Much of the Commonwealth is rural; this dichotomy affects state politics as well as the state economy.[107] Philadelphia is home to six Fortune 500 companies,[108] with more located in suburbs like King of Prussia; it is a leader in the financial[109] and insurance industry.

Pittsburgh is home to eight Fortune 500 companies, including U.S. Steel, PPG Industries, and H.J. Heinz.[108] In all, Pennsylvania is home to fifty Fortune 500 companies.[108] Erie is also home to GE Transportation Systems, which is the largest producer of train locomotives in the United States.

As in the US as a whole and in most states, the largest private employer in the Commonwealth is Wal-Mart, followed by the University of Pennsylvania.[110][111] Pennsylvania is also home to the oldest investor-owned utility company in the US, The York Water Company.

As of November 2018, the state's unemployment rate is 4.2%.[112]

The Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) is the public university system of the Commonwealth, with 14 state-owned schools. The Commonwealth System of Higher Education is an organizing body of the 4 state-related schools in Pennsylvania, these schools are independent institutions that receive some state funding. There are also 15 publicly funded two-year community colleges and technical schools that are separate from the PASSHE system. Additionally there are many private two- and four-year technical schools, colleges and universities.

Carnegie Mellon University, The Pennsylvania State University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Pittsburgh, are members of the Association of American Universities, an invitation only organization of leading research universities. Lehigh University is also another renowned private research university located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State University is the Commonwealth's Land-grant university, Sea Grant College and, Space Grant College. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the first university in the United States and established the country's first medical school. The University of Pennsylvania is also the Commonwealth's only, and geographically the most southern, Ivy League school. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is the first and oldest art school in the United States.[156] Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, now a part of University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, was the first pharmacy school in the United States.[157]

• "Symbols of Pennsylvania". Portal.state.pa.us. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "Most spoken languages in Pennsylvania in 2010". MLA Data Center. Retrieved November 4, 2012.

• "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.

• "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• "Cookie Candidates". 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.

• "General Coastline and Shoreline Mileage of the United States" (PDF). NOAA Office of Coastal Management. Retrieved December 31, 2016.

• "Pennsylvania geography". Netstate.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• 2006 Statistical Abstract: Geography & Environment: Land and Land Use[dead link]

• "Pennsylvania Time Zone". Timetemperature.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "National Park Service: Our Fourth Shore". Cr.nps.gov. December 22, 2003. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• [1] Archived May 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "Climate Information — National Weather Service Central PA".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• louis, franquelin, jean baptiste. "Franquelin's map of Louisiana.". LOC.gov. Retrieved August 17, 2017.

• (Extrapolation from the 16th-century Spanish, 'Cali' ˈkali a rich agricultural area – geographical sunny climate. also 1536, Cauca River, linking Cali, important for higher population agriculture and cattle raising & Colombia's coffee is produced in the adjacent uplands. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 'Cali', city, metropolis, urban center. Pearson Education 2006. "Calica", Yucatán place name called rock pit, a port an hour south of Cancún. Sp. root: "Cal", limestone. Also today, 'Calicuas', supporting cylinder or enclosing ring, or moveable prop as in holding a strut)

• [2][dead link]

• N.Y. Hist. Col. Vol. V, p. 633

• "Life of Brainerd" p. 167

• "Lambreville to Bruyas Nov. 4,1696" N.Y. Hist. Col. Vol. III, p. 484

• "Pennsylvania Indian tribes". Accessgenealogy.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.

• Hale, Horatio "The Iroquois Book of Rites" 1884.

• Paullin, Charles O.; Wright, John K. (ed.) (1932). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States. New York and Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington and American Geographical Society. pp. Plate 42.

• Swindler, William F. (ed.) (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. pp. 17–23.

• Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States. Geological Survey Professional Papers. 909. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 74, 92.

• Munroe, John A. (1978). Colonial Delaware: A History. Millwood, New York: KTO Press. pp. 9–12.

• Munroe, John A. (1978). Colonial Delaware: A History. Millwood, New York: KTO Press. p. 16.

• McCormick, Richard P. (1964). New Jersey from Colony to State, 1609–1789. New Jersey Historical Series, Volume 1. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 12.

• Swindler, William F., Editor (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 4. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. pp. 278–280.

• Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States; Geological Survey Professional Paper 909. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 79.

• Swindler, William F., Editor (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 6. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. pp. 375–377.

• Farnham, Mary Frances; Compiler. (1901–1902). Farnham Papers (1603–1688). Volumes 7 and 8 of Documentary History of the State of Maine. 7. Portland, Maine: Collections of the Maine Historical Society, 2nd Series. pp. 311, 314.

• Parry, Clive (Editor) (1969–1981). Consolidated Treaty Series; 231 Volumes. 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. p. 231.

• Fernow, B., Editor (1853–1887). Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York; Volumes 12–15. Albany, New York. pp. 507–508.

• Parry, Clive (Editor) (1969–1981). Consolidated Treaty Series; 231 Volumes. 13. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. p. 136.

• Fernow, B., Editor (1853–1887). Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York; Volumes 12–15. 12. Albany, New York. p. 515.

• Armstrong, Edward; Editor (1860). Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681. Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Volume 7. pp. 119, 198.

• Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania-1681. This charter, granted by Charles II (England) to William Penn, constituted him and his heirs proprietors of the province, which, in honor of his father, Admiral William Penn, (whose cash advances and services were thus requited,) was called Pennsylvania. To perfect his title, William Penn purchased, on 1682-08-24, a quit-claim from the Duke of York to the lands west of the Delaware River embraced in his patent of 1664

• Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Governors, ed. (1916). "Samuel Carpenter". Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Governors, Volume 1. pp. 180–181.

• "Measuring Worth". Measuring Worth. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Quakers and the political process". Pym.org. March 28, 2006. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Wales on Britannia: Facts About Wales & the Welsh". Britannia.com. Retrieved September 16, 2013.

• Armstrong, Edward; Editor (1860). Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681. 7. Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. p. 196.

• Swindler, William F., Editor (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 10 Volumes. 8. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. p. 243.

• David Yount (2007). "How the Quakers invented America". Rowman & Littlefield. p.82. ISBN 0-7425-5833-9

• Sydney G. Fisher (2009). "The Quaker Colonies". Echo Library. p.13 ISBN 1-4068-5110-8

• Hamilton, Alexander and Syrett, Harold C. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 1963, page 240.

• "An account of the remarkable occurrences in the life and travels of Colonel James Smith (Late a citizen of Bourbon County, Kentucky) : during his captivity with the Indians, in the years 1755,'56, '57, '58, & '59". Internet Archive.

• "Library of Congress timeline 1764–1765". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Dickinson Letters". 18thcenturyreadingroom.blogspot.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Library of Congress timeline 1773–1774". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Library of Congress: Primary documents – The Declaration of Independence". Loc.gov. July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Nine Capitals of the United States". Senate.gov. March 26, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Constitution FAQs". National Constitution Center. Retrieved June 19, 2016.

• "Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution of 1787". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution". A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved September 18, 2017.

• "Pennsylvania's Capitals". Legis.state.pa.us. Archived from the original on June 15, 2000. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "History of John Harris". Mrs. Carlyle C. Browne (descendant of Sarah Ann Harris, fifth daughter of Alfred Bingham Harris, and granddaughter of Elisha John Harris of the Mansion, Harrisburg PA, USA). 2001. Retrieved February 14, 2011.

• "James Buchanan White House biography". Whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Battle of Gettysburg". Archived from the original on January 14, 2009.

• "About the Area". Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 30 July 2018.

• "The National Forests of the United States" (PDF). Forest History Society. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

• "Tekko 2019". About Tekko. Retrieved February 21, 2019.

• "'They showed his photo, and my stomach just dropped': Neighbors recall synagogue massacre suspect as a loner". Washington Post. October 28, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2019.

• "QuickFacts Pennsylvania; UNITED STATES". 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2019.

• "American FactFinder – Results". Retrieved October 7, 2014.

• "Pennsylvania QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2012.

• "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "censusviewer.com". January 11, 2014. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014.

• 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data". Census.gov. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer. June 3, 2012.

• 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data – 2010 Census". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2011.

• "Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics" (PDF). Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu. March 9, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2016.

• "Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go – Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños". cuny.edu. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015.

• "Population and Population Centers by State – 2000". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2008.

• "Pennsylvania QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.

• "Pennsylvania Facts 2017" (PDF). Pennsylvania State Data Center Penn State Harrisburg. 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.

• Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov.

• "Thedailyjournal – Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs". usatoday.com.

• "Annual Estimates of the Population". Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov.

• "Pennsylvania: 2000" (PDF). Retrieved June 26, 2016.

• American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania" (PDF). Retrieved November 8, 2011.

• Resident Population Data. "Resident Population Data – 2010 Census". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

• "Statistics" (PDF). cdc.gov.

• "Statistics" (PDF). cdc.gov.

• "Statistics" (PDF). cdc.gov.

• "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 1, January 31, 2018" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-11.

• https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf

• "Pennsylvania". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2013.

• "Definition of "dutch"". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Religious composition of adults in Pennsylvania". Religious Landscape Study. The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.

• "Religious diversity in Pennsylvania". Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.

• Arouet, François-Marie ("Voltaire") (1733). Philosophic Letters. Republished in: Morley, John; Fleming, William F.; Smollett, Tobias, eds. (1901). The Works of Voltaire: A Contemporary Version. XXXIX: Short Studies on English and American Topics. New York: E. R. DuMont. p. 209. Retrieved August 4, 2015.

• "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report". www.thearda.com. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

• Webb Design Inc. "Amish Country | Ohio | Visitor Information". Visitamishcountry.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "A visit to Spring Valley Bruderhof". qcfamilytree.org. Retrieved May 25, 2017.

• Donald B. Kraybill and C. Nelson Hostetter: Anabaptist World USA, Scottdale, PA and Waterloo, Ontario, 2001, pages 200–201.

• "Friends General Conference States (2010) – QuickLists – The Association of Religion Data Archives". www.thearda.com.

• Gallup (February 4, 2016). "New Hampshire Now Least Religious State in U.S". Gallup, Inc. Retrieved February 11, 2018.

• "Regional Economic Accounts". Retrieved Jan 4, 2018.

• "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.

• "Appeals court races wrap up with focus on voter mobilization". Archived from the original on January 13, 2005.

• "Fortune 500". CNN. April 30, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Philadelphia stock exchange". Phlx.com. July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Ramos, Stephanie (October 25, 2002). "Wal-Mart tops Pa. list of largest private employers". Dailypennsylvanian.com. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania Top 50 Employers" (PDF). Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. March 28, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2011.

• "Pennsylvania Economy at a Glance". bls.gov. Retrieved Jan 4, 2018.

• "Pennsylvania GDP and Per-Capita GDP | Department of Numbers". www.deptofnumbers.com. Retrieved 2019-01-11.

• "Pennsylvania: real GDP growth 2000-2017 | Statistic". Statista. Retrieved 2019-01-11.

• "Notice: Data not available: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". data.bls.gov. Retrieved 2019-01-11.

• "Agricultural Census 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2008.

• "Pennylvania Wine facts". Pennsylvania Wine & Wineries. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. [citation needed]

• "What is PA Preferred? Just a pretty logo or a way to build a brand?". The Patriot-News. January 8, 2014.

• "Agribusiness". CIDEP – Investment Attraction & Business Leads Generation. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.

• [3] Archived November 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

• Barnes, Tom; Rotstein, Gary (February 4, 2009). "Rendell wants legal video poker". Post-gazette.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Rendell signs film production tax credit law". Philadelphia Business Journal. July 21, 2004.

• Jenkins Law Library. "23 Pennsylvania Law Weekly 324 (March 27, 2000)". Jenkinslaw.org. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania State Executive Offices", Ballotpedia, retrieved January 23rd, 2019.

• "Pennsylvania State Archives". Phmc.state.pa.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Officers of the Senate". Pennsylvania Senate. Retrieved January 23, 2019.

• "Officers of the House". Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Retrieved January 23, 2019.

• "Judicial districts". Aopc.org. Archived from the original on July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-3.

• Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-5.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-46.

• "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Pennsylvania". Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Archived from the original (XLS) on July 9, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2010.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-6.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-22.

• Title 302, Pennsylvania Code, Section 23.1–101.

• "Biggest US Cities By Population - Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania 2017 Populations. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2019.

• PRESS, ASSOCIATED. "Donald Trump becomes 1st Republican to win Pennsylvania since 1988". LancasterOnline. Retrieved November 13, 2016.

• "The facts on Pennsylvania's Tax Climate". Tax Foundation. Retrieved August 22, 2012.

• "Shale tax comes up dry for 3d year". Articles.philly.com. July 3, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.

• "Gov Rendell says all of Pennsylvania's transit agencies will get I-80 toll $s". TOLLROADSnews. January 6, 2010. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2011.

• "PA Department of Revenue Homepage". Pennsylvania Department of Revenue. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008.

• "Personal Income Tax". Portal.state.pa.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Local Income Tax Information". PA Department of Community & Economic Development. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Berkheimer". Berkheimer. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Keystone Collections Group". Keystone Collections Group. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Jordan Tax Service". Jordan Tax Service. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Department of Revenue". City of Philadelphia. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Taking a Closer Look at Government: Pennsylvania's Local Taxation "System"". issuespa.org. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Pennsylvania's Members of Congress & Congressional District Map". Retrieved February 11, 2013.

• "Pennsylvania". America's Health Rankings 2013. United Health Foundation. Retrieved August 28, 2014.

• "Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE)". Retrieved December 4, 2009.

• "Cohort Graduation Rate". Pennsylvania Department of Education. Retrieved October 6, 2016.

• "National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)". Retrieved December 4, 2009.

• 'NCES.'

• [4] 'Pennsylvania Department of Education: Home Education and Private Tutoring. Retrieved on December 4, 2009.' Archived November 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

• "History of the School". pafa.org. Retrieved April 8, 2011.

• "About – University of the Sciences". usciences.edu. Retrieved April 8, 2011.

• http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/index.php?id%3D10_2_1. Retrieved September 13, 2006. Missing or empty |title= (help)[dead link]

• "Houdini Harry Houdini attractions magic Scranton Poconos Pocono birthday party show seance School Assembly Programs birthday". Houdini.org. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Reilly, P. (November 15, 2007). "Bear facts favor Pennsylvania State remains home to North America's biggest black bears". Intelligencer Journal. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2007.

• "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Fact Book", p. 7.

• "2010 Public Transportation Fact Book", p. 8.

• "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Fact Book", p. 10.

• Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center, p. 5-4.

• Santoni, Matthew (September 14, 2010). "Corps shuts Highland Park lock for two weeks of repairs". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Trib Total Media. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2010.

• "LITTLE LEAGUE CHRONOLOGY". LittleLeague.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.

• "X Games History – part 2". Skateboard.about.com. June 17, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Panther History – Pitt Football 2006" (PDF). Retrieved July 7, 2011.

• "Recognized National Championships by Team". Cfbdatawarehouse.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Helms Foundation NCAA Division I Champions". Rauzulusstreet.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "NCAA Division I Mens Basketball – NCAA Division I Champions". Rauzulusstreet.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pa. knack for snacks a Farm Show feature – Pittsburgh Tribune-Review". Pittsburghlive.com. January 11, 2008. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Chocolate Bunnies". The Southeast Missourian. April 1, 1996. Retrieved October 7, 2014 – via Google News Archive Search.

• "Directions to Asher's – About Asher's". Ashers.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.

• "Company History: Auntie Anne's Pretzels". Auntie Anne's. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2009.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 1-6

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 1-5

• Boeckel, Teresa. "It's official: The Eastern hellbender will become Pennsylvania's amphibian". The York Daily Record. Retrieved 2019-04-17.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 1-7

• "PHMC: State Symbols". Archived from the original on May 4, 2009.

• "Lowell Tribune, March 26, 2002". Lowellpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Lancaster rifle". Archived from the original on April 3, 2015.

• "PHMC: Agriculture in Pennsylvania". Archived from the original on July 3, 2009.

• "Home" (PDF). Department of General Services. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009.

• Bill Samuel. "William Penn, Quaker". Quakerinfo.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Frame of Government". Yale.edu. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Pennsylvania translates to "Penn's Woods" and was named after the father of William Penn, the founder of the colony. Digital History: Persecution of the Quakers Archived April 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

• "The Quaker Province 1681–1776". Archived from the original on June 1, 2009.

• "The State of Pennsylvania – An Introduction the Keystone State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania Matanzas". U.S.-Cuba Sister Cities Association. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2007.

        School Description

Choose the education that's right for YOU!               

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/IS	Information Technology
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) program is focused on the acquisition of theory and technical competencies associated with the information technology profession. The courses provide fundamental knowledge and application in both the information systems function and in system development. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Philadelphia, PA ::  more info     ::  Location: Pittsburgh, PA ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/IS	Computer Information Systems (CIS)
School: DeVry University Program: Today's computer information systems (CIS) professionals provide invaluable and highly specialized computer systems expertise, helping companies stay competitive in the global marketplace. These experts harness technology and enable organizations to use information to the fullest. In short, CIS experts are vital to the bottom-line success of every enterprise. The CIS program is composed of coursework in communication skills, humanities, social sciences, personal and professional development, mathematics and science, business and accounting, systems concepts, programming, and systems development. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Philadelphia (Fort Washington), PA ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/IS	Information Technology (IT)
School: DeVry University Program: The Information Technology (IT) program is designed for the baccalaureate-level college graduate seeking to pursue a career in IT. The program is structured around a core of technology-oriented specialty courses with emphasis on applying computer technology to solve business problems. Students draw on their college and business backgrounds as they work in teams to develop solutions to case studies. Project management, communication skills and ongoing IT administration, all of which are critically important in today's rapidly changing business environment, are integrated across the program. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Philadelphia (Fort Washington), PA ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/IS	Computer Information Management
School: International Academy of Design & Technology Program: Computer Information Management is a comprehensive program in microcomputer software and hardware, networking, telecommunications and programming. Various business subjects are also integrated into the curriculum to provide additional structure and support. The program is designed to provide the student with the knowledge and skills necessary for employment in the micro-computer/ telecommunications industry and is taught on a professional level that provides both job entry and future growth. Students receive practical, hands-on training through a combination of classroom and lab experience. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Pittsburgh, PA ::  more info

top

 

Code	Concentration	More Info
MS/IS	Master of Computer Information Systems
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Master of Science in Computer Information Systems (MSCIS) program is focused on the acquisition of information technology theory and the application of theory and practice to real world business opportunities and challenges. The course provide current theory and knowledge of essential information technology components, as well as interpersonal and intra-organizational communication. While courses examine a broad range of information technology resources, the courses emphasize the management of such resources in order to meet an organization's challenges and goals. The program has six main threads: Business Management; Business Systems Analysis and Development; Programming Management; Databases, Network and Telecommunications; and the Web. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Pittsburgh, PA ::  more info

top

Information Systems - Select a State
Alabama	Massachusetts	Ontario
Arizona	Winnepeg, MB	Oregon
Vancouver, BC	Maryland	Pennsylvania
California	Michigan	Quebec
Colorado	Missouri	Rhode Island
Connecticut	Mississippi	Texas
Florida	New Jersey	Utah
Georgia	New Mexico	Virginia
Hawaii	Nevada	Washington
Idaho	New York	Wisconsin
Illinois	Ohio	West Virginia
Louisiana	Oklahoma	Online Programs

School Description

information systems

Pennsylvania Listing

The Information Technology (IT) program is designed for the baccalaureate-level college graduate seeking to pursue a career in IT. The program is structured around a core of technology-oriented specialty courses with emphasis on applying computer technology to solve business problems.

Students draw on their college and business backgrounds as they work in teams to develop solutions to case studies. Project management, communication skills and ongoing IT administration, all of which are critically important in today's rapidly changing business environment, are integrated across the program.

top

"Information Systems" Sponsors

| Technical and Non-Technical Degrees | Chubb Institute | DeVry University | University of Phoenix | DeVry Keller University | College Searching

College Searching Sponsors

debt consolidation | University Online Degree | Home Remodeling | debt help | General Links |

about | contact | sitemap

College Searching and Online Degrees offer Associate, Bachelor, Masters and Ph.D. degrees in automotive, teaching, finance, internet technology, accounting, marketing, Information Systems, nursing, computer science, fashion and graphic design, and much more!