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An associate degree is an undergraduate degree awarded, primarily in the United States, after a course of post-secondary study lasting two or three years. It is a level of qualification between a high school diploma or GED and a bachelor's degree.

The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are[when?] no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898. In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor's degree.[1] Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries.

In the United States, associate degrees are usually earned in two years or more and can be attained at community colleges, technical colleges, vocational schools, and some colleges, as well as at some universities. A student who completes a two-year program can earn an Associate of Arts/Associate in Arts (AA)[25] or an Associate of Science/Associate in Science (AS) degree.[25] AA degrees are usually earned in the Liberal Arts and Sciences such as humanities and social science fields; AS degrees are awarded to those studying in applied scientific and technical fields and professional fields of study. Generally, one year of study is focused on college level general education and the second year is focused on the area of discipline.

Students who complete a two-year technical or vocational program can often earn an Associate of Applied Science/Associate in Applied Science (AAS), although sometimes the degree name will include the subject (a "tagged" degree).[26]

Transfer admissions in the United States sometimes allows courses taken and credits earned on an AA, AS, or AAS course to be counted toward a bachelor's degree via articulation agreements or recognition of prior learning, depending on the courses taken, applicable state laws/regulations, and the transfer requirements of the university.[27]

Common associate degree titles include:[26]

• Associate of Applied Business (AAB)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)
• Associate of Applied Technology (AAT)
• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Arts in Teaching (AAT)
• Associate of Business Administration (ABA)
• Associate of Electrical Engineering Technology (AEET)
• Associate of Electronics (AE)
• Associate of Engineering (AE/AEng)
• Associate of Engineering Technology (AET/AEngT)
• Associate of Forestry (AF)
• Associate of General Studies (AGS)
• Associate of Industrial Technology (AIT)
• Associate of Nursing (AN)/Associate Degree Nurse/Nursing (ADN)
• Associate of Occupational Studies (AOS)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Science in Computer Assisted Design (AS-CAD)
• Associate of Technology (AT)

• "Glossary". EducationUSA.state.gov.

• "Introduction of Associate Degree in 2004". Australian Qualifications Framework Advisory Board. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

• "Main features of the Associate Degree". Australian Qualifications Framework Advisory Board. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate Degrees". British Columbia Commission on Admissions and Transfer. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate Degrees". Douglas College. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Diploma Programs at Ontario Colleges". ontariocolleges.ca. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

• "Postsecondary Education in Quebec". Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

• "The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA)" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

• "Recognition Ireland Statement on US associate degree". Qualificationsrecognition.ie. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-12.

• "EQUIVALENCE DE DIPLOME (Degree equivalence)". voilanewyork.com. Retrieved 2014-03-29.

• [1] Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

• "The Dutch Education System described" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• William Crookes (1877). The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science. XXXVI. p. 128.

• The Durham College of Science Calendar 1884, pp. 13, 24.

• Levine 1978, p. 158: "The world's first associate's degree, the associate in science, was awarded by England's University of Durham in 1873. The University of Chicago awarded the first American associate's degree in 1898. It offered associate in arts, associate in literature, and associate in science degrees."

• Groves 2011, pp. 160–161, 369.

• Palinchak 1973, pp. 64–65.

• Acland 1858.

• "Summary guide to HNC and HND qualifications" (PDF). Retrieved 22 January 2016.

• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.

• "Get An Associate Degree in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. 1 August 2014.

• "Q & A on Sub-degree Programmes". Information Portal for Accredited Post-secondary Programmes. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate degree not career booster: Survey". China Daily Asia. 11 July 2016.

• Victor Fung Keung (6 September 2016). "Don't see Hong Kong's associate degrees as substandard".

• "Degree Programs". College of DuPage. Retrieved 1 August 2016.

• "USNEI". Education USA. US Department of Education.

• "Student Zone – College – Finding/Applying". College Zone. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

A drafter, draughtsman (British English) or draftsman, drafting technician (American English and Canadian English) is a person who makes detailed technical drawings or plans for machinery, buildings, electronics, infrastructure, sections, etc. Drafters use computer software and manual sketches to convert the designs, plans, and layouts of engineers and architects into a set of technical drawings. Drafters operate as the supporting developers and sketch engineering designs and drawings from preliminary design concepts.

In the past, drafters sat at drawing boards and used pencils, pens, compasses, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices to prepare a drawing by hand. From the 1980s through 1990s, board drawings were going out of style as the newly developed computer-aided design (CAD) system was released and was able to produce technical drawings at a faster pace.

Many modern drafters now use computer software such as AutoCAD, Revit, and SolidWorks to flesh out the designs of engineers or architects into technical drawings and blueprints but board drafting still remains the base of the CAD system. Many of these drawings are utilized to create structures, tools or machines. In addition, the drawings also include design specifications like dimensions, materials and procedures. Consequently, drafters may also be casually referred to as CAD operators, engineering draftspersons, or engineering technicians.

With CAD systems, drafters can create and store drawings electronically so that they can be viewed, printed, or programmed directly into automated manufacturing systems. CAD systems also permit drafters to quickly prepare variations of a design. Although drafters use CAD extensively, it is only a tool. Drafters still need knowledge of traditional drafting techniques, in addition to CAD skills. Despite the near global use of CAD systems, manual drafting and sketching are used in certain applications.

Drafters' drawings provide visual guidelines and show how to construct a product or structure. Drawings include technical details and specify dimensions, materials, and procedures. Drafters fill in technical details using drawings, rough sketches, specifications, and calculations made by engineers, surveyors, architects, or scientists. For example, drafters use their knowledge of standardized building techniques to draw in the details of a structure. Some use their understanding of engineering and manufacturing theory and standards to draw the parts of a machine; they determine design elements, such as the numbers and kinds of fasteners needed to assemble the machine. Drafters use technical handbooks, tables, calculators, and computers to complete their work.

        Industry Description

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	CAD/Mechanical Drafting
School: Westwood College Program: The Computer-Aided Design-Mechanical Drafting is an exciting, rewarding and promising career choice. Westwood's CAD program equips you with the skills necessary to become a highly desirable candidate for many careers available to the skilled CAD operator. As a mechanical drafting student, you will receive training on recent releases of AutoCAD, a popular CAD application that provides experience in developing technical drawings related to the field. You will learn to use CAD combined with theory and lab environment, where you will be exposed to the ideas and principles in a lecture setting and then immediately put that instruction to use in practical lab projects. This hands-on learning environment, coupled with outstanding, industry-experienced faculty, ensures that you will be well prepared for the work force. Laboratories and Equipment The CAD Department has lecture classrooms, a large drafting laboratory with individual student work areas, and a CAD lab. Each individual drafting work station consists of a drafting table, stool, and a parallel bar. Each CAD lab station is equipped with a monitor, mouse, and a keyboard, interfaced with a PC, using industry-standard AutoCAD software. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: Denver, CO ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	CAD/Architectural Drafting
School: Westwood College Program: The Computer-Aided Design - Architectural Drafting program equips you with the skills necessary to become a candidate for many careers available to the skilled CAD operator. As an architectural drafting student, you will receive training on recent releases of AutoCAD, a popular CAD application that provides experience in developing technical drawings related to the field of architecture. You will learn to use CAD in Westwood's combined theory and lab environment, where you will be exposed to the ideas and principles in a lecture setting and then immediately put that instruction to use in practical lab projects. This hands-on learning environment, coupled with outstanding, industry-experienced faculty, ensures that you are well prepared for the work force. Laboratories and Equipment The CAD Department has lecture classrooms, a large drafting laboratory with individual student work areas, and a CAD lab. Each individual drafting work station consists of a drafting table, stool, and a parallel bar. Each CAD lab station is equipped with a monitor, mouse, and a keyboard, interfaced with a PC, using industry-standard AutoCAD software. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: O'Hare Campus, IL ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	CAD/Architectural Drafting
School: Westwood College Program: The Computer-Aided Design - Architectural Drafting program equips you with the skills necessary to become a candidate for many careers available to the skilled CAD operator. As an architectural drafting student, you will receive training on recent releases of AutoCAD, a popular CAD application that provides experience in developing technical drawings related to the field of architecture. You will learn to use CAD in Westwood's combined theory and lab environment, where you will be exposed to the ideas and principles in a lecture setting and then immediately put that instruction to use in practical lab projects. This hands-on learning environment, coupled with outstanding, industry-experienced faculty, ensures that you are well prepared for the work force. Laboratories and Equipment The CAD Department has lecture classrooms, a large drafting laboratory with individual student work areas, and a CAD lab. Each individual drafting work station consists of a drafting table, stool, and a parallel bar. Each CAD lab station is equipped with a monitor, mouse, and a keyboard, interfaced with a PC, using industry-standard AutoCAD software. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: River Oaks, IL ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	CAD Drafting
School: Herzing College Program: Click the "Go" button for information directly from the sponsor. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: Minneapolis, MN ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	Computer Aided Drafting and Design
School: Briarcliffe College- Bethpage, NY School: Briarcliffe College- Patchogue, NY Program: Computer Applications Specialist. This program provides a broad background in computer hardware and software. Here you will study word processing, spreadsheets, and databases as well as have an introduction to programming, computer hardware, and operating systems. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: Patchogue, NY ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	Occupational Studies
School: Briarcliffe College- Bethpage, NY School: Briarcliffe College- Patchogue, NY Program: Concentration in: Computer Aided Drafting and Design, Computer Information Systems, Computer Applications Specialist, Networking and Computer Technology, Office Technologies, Telecommunications Technology, and Telecommunications. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: Patchogue, NY ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	Computer Aided Drafting and Design
School: Briarcliffe College- Bethpage, NY School: Briarcliffe College- Patchogue, NY Program: Computer Aided Drafting and Design. Explore theories and skills used in the creation of complex three-dimensional solutions for presentation and design in architectural graphics and models, interior and environmental design, package and display design, and set design for film and theater. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: Patchogue, NY ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CD	CAD Drafting
School: Herzing College Program: Click the "Go" button for information directly from the sponsor. :: Concentration: CAD :: Campus    ::  Location: Madison, WI ::  more info

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Industry Description

The Computer-Aided Design - Architectural Drafting program equips you with the skills necessary to become a candidate for many careers available to the skilled CAD operator.

As an architectural drafting student, you will receive training on recent releases of AutoCAD, a popular CAD application that provides experience in developing technical drawings related to the field of architecture.

You will learn to use CAD in our combined theory and lab environment, where you will be exposed to the ideas and principles in a lecture setting and then immediately put that instruction to use in practical lab projects.

This hands-on learning environment, coupled with outstanding, industry-experienced faculty, ensures that you are well prepared for the work force.

Laboratories and Equipment

The CAD Department has lecture classrooms, a large drafting laboratory with individual student work areas, and a CAD lab. Each individual drafting work station consists of a drafting table, stool, and a parallel bar. Each CAD lab station is equipped with a monitor, mouse, and a keyboard, interfaced with a PC, using industry-standard AutoCAD software.

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