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An associate degree is an undergraduate degree awarded, primarily in the United States, after a course of post-secondary study lasting two or three years. It is a level of qualification between a high school diploma or GED and a bachelor's degree.

The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are[when?] no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898. In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor's degree.[1] Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries.

In the United States, associate degrees are usually earned in two years or more and can be attained at community colleges, technical colleges, vocational schools, and some colleges, as well as at some universities. A student who completes a two-year program can earn an Associate of Arts/Associate in Arts (AA)[25] or an Associate of Science/Associate in Science (AS) degree.[25] AA degrees are usually earned in the Liberal Arts and Sciences such as humanities and social science fields; AS degrees are awarded to those studying in applied scientific and technical fields and professional fields of study. Generally, one year of study is focused on college level general education and the second year is focused on the area of discipline.

Students who complete a two-year technical or vocational program can often earn an Associate of Applied Science/Associate in Applied Science (AAS), although sometimes the degree name will include the subject (a "tagged" degree).[26]

Transfer admissions in the United States sometimes allows courses taken and credits earned on an AA, AS, or AAS course to be counted toward a bachelor's degree via articulation agreements or recognition of prior learning, depending on the courses taken, applicable state laws/regulations, and the transfer requirements of the university.[27]

Common associate degree titles include:[26]

• Associate of Applied Business (AAB)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)
• Associate of Applied Technology (AAT)
• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Arts in Teaching (AAT)
• Associate of Business Administration (ABA)
• Associate of Electrical Engineering Technology (AEET)
• Associate of Electronics (AE)
• Associate of Engineering (AE/AEng)
• Associate of Engineering Technology (AET/AEngT)
• Associate of Forestry (AF)
• Associate of General Studies (AGS)
• Associate of Industrial Technology (AIT)
• Associate of Nursing (AN)/Associate Degree Nurse/Nursing (ADN)
• Associate of Occupational Studies (AOS)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Science in Computer Assisted Design (AS-CAD)
• Associate of Technology (AT)

• "Glossary". EducationUSA.state.gov.

• "Introduction of Associate Degree in 2004". Australian Qualifications Framework Advisory Board. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

• "Main features of the Associate Degree". Australian Qualifications Framework Advisory Board. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate Degrees". British Columbia Commission on Admissions and Transfer. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate Degrees". Douglas College. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Diploma Programs at Ontario Colleges". ontariocolleges.ca. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

• "Postsecondary Education in Quebec". Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

• "The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA)" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

• "Recognition Ireland Statement on US associate degree". Qualificationsrecognition.ie. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-12.

• "EQUIVALENCE DE DIPLOME (Degree equivalence)". voilanewyork.com. Retrieved 2014-03-29.

• [1] Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

• "The Dutch Education System described" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• William Crookes (1877). The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science. XXXVI. p. 128.

• The Durham College of Science Calendar 1884, pp. 13, 24.

• Levine 1978, p. 158: "The world's first associate's degree, the associate in science, was awarded by England's University of Durham in 1873. The University of Chicago awarded the first American associate's degree in 1898. It offered associate in arts, associate in literature, and associate in science degrees."

• Groves 2011, pp. 160–161, 369.

• Palinchak 1973, pp. 64–65.

• Acland 1858.

• "Summary guide to HNC and HND qualifications" (PDF). Retrieved 22 January 2016.

• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.

• "Get An Associate Degree in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. 1 August 2014.

• "Q & A on Sub-degree Programmes". Information Portal for Accredited Post-secondary Programmes. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

• "Associate degree not career booster: Survey". China Daily Asia. 11 July 2016.

• Victor Fung Keung (6 September 2016). "Don't see Hong Kong's associate degrees as substandard".

• "Degree Programs". College of DuPage. Retrieved 1 August 2016.

• "USNEI". Education USA. US Department of Education.

• "Student Zone – College – Finding/Applying". College Zone. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

The California Culinary Academy (CCA) was a for-profit school, and an affiliate of Le Cordon Bleu. It is located in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1977, the academy has trained more than 15,000 people for restaurant careers through its 30-week baking and pastry chef program and 16-month culinary arts degree program. It was purchased by Career Education Corporation in 1999.[1]

The school was established in 1977. The original school was accredited by The American Culinary Federation, not Le Cordon Bleu.

The original school established in 1977, was a well recognized and established, source for professional education in culinary arts as a focus. Unfortunately in 1999, the California Culinary Academy was sold. Curriculum, instruction requirements for entry and graduation was altered. In mid-2007 the San Francisco Weekly claimed that the school preyed on students, misrepresenting the jobs and wages that were available to graduates, and the ability of graduates to service their student loan obligations after graduation. Soon thereafter, a class action lawsuit (Amador v. California Culinary Academy) was filed. One allegation was that the school inflated job placement rates by counting as successful post-culinary school placements jobs that would have been available without going to culinary school at all. The complaint in its various iterations, with detailed allegations, is available from the San Francisco Superior Court, Case No. CGC-07-467710. [3]

Later individual cases filed in 2011 (still ongoing as of September 2012), e.g., Abarca v. California Culinary Academy Case Number: CGC-11-511469, alleged the same problems. These suits cited data tending to provide substantial support for the allegation that CCA led students to believe they would be chefs after graduation when, the complaint alleges, graduates start in entry level jobs available to those without culinary degrees, making culinary school an economically irrational purchase.[2] In December 2010 CCA owner Career Education Corporation ("CEC") agreed to settle the class action for $40 million plus about $1.7 million in forgiveness of amounts alleged owed to the school or CEC.[3] That settlement received final approval from the San Francisco Superior Court on or about April 19, 2012, and that approval became the final judgement of the court in late June 2012. [4]

In 2012, while the class settlement was pending, new questions of more recent placement rate wrongdoing were raised by the school's own accreditors.[4] The school restaurant has been closed and 25% of the faculty has been laid off effective December 31, 2012 due to drastically declining enrollment.

Attorney Ray Gallo, the attorney who represented the plaintiffs, has offered the following opinion: “It is a ridiculous business decision to attend one of these schools.” “The whole thing doesn’t make economic sense. They know it and they don’t tell you.” (“Students Sue Schaumburg-Based Le Cordon Bleu,” Daily Herald, Sept. 6, 2011). [5]

• Culinary Arts Program—Associate of occupational studies and culinary certificate
• Baking & Pastry Arts Program

• Deal Cooking to Buy the California Culinary Academy, San Francisco Chronicle, Rebecca Smith, August 3, 1999

• [1] (see the 1st Amended Complaint filed June 6, 2011) San Francisco Weekly Burnt Chefs Former admissions representatives at CCA say they preyed on students’ dreams of becoming celebrity chefs and glossed over the painful economic realities of the industry, Eliza Strickland, June 6, 2007 "Lawsuit Accuses Career Education Corp. of Deceiving Students on Program's Quality", October 1, 2007

• Chea, Terence (4 September 2011). "AP: Culinary school grads claim they were ripped off". Google News. Associated Press. Retrieved 7 September 2011.

• [2]

• ACCSCT website

• Demanding Credit, Inside Higher Education website, dated Oct. 19, 2005 by Scott Jaschik

• Tussling Over Transfer of Credit, Inside Higher Education website, February 26, 2007 by Doug Lederman

• What is the Difference Between Regional and National Accreditation, Yahoo! Education website Archived 2008-01-19 at the Wayback Machine

        School Description

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CB	California Culinary Academy: Baking and Pastry Arts Certificate Program
School: California Culinary Academy Program: The Academy offers an intensive program designed for those interested in professional baking. The Baking and Pastry Arts Certificate Program provides comprehensive study with an emphasis on the hands-on application of fundamental techniques and ingredient :: Concentration: Baking :: Campus    ::  Location: San Francisco, CA ::  more info

Code	Concentration	More Info
AA/CM	California Culinary Academy: Culinary Arts Program
School: California Culinary Academy Program: For career professionals, the Culinary Arts Program provides an intensive course of study leading to an Associate of Occupational Studies (AOS) Degree in Culinary Arts. Rigorous and comprehensive, this program prepares students for professional entry into :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: San Francisco, CA ::  more info

School Description

Get your career cooking. California Culinary Academy is located in San Francisco, one of the world’s culinary capitals. Students receive the challenging hands-on experience they need to prepare for a career in culinary arts or hospitality.

Associate degrees are available in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts or Hospitality & Restaurant Management. Certificates are available in Baking and Pastry Arts. Gain the proficiency you need to work at fine restaurants, top hotels, posh resorts, luxury cruise ships, pastry shops, and more.

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