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Culinary arts, in which culinary means "related to cooking", are the arts of preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called "chefs" or "cooks", although, at its most general, the terms "culinary artist" and "culinarian" are also used. Table manners ("the table arts") are sometimes referred to as a culinary art. Expert chefs are required to have knowledge of food science, nutrition and diet and are responsible for preparing meals that are as pleasing to the eye as they are to the palate. After restaurants, their primary places of work include delicatessens and relatively large institutions such as hotels and hospitals. Modern Culinary Arts students study many different aspects of food. Specific areas of study include butchery, chemistry and thermodynamics, visual presentation, food safety, human nutrition and physiology, international history, the manufacture of food items (such as the milling of wheat into flour or the refining of cane plants into crystalline sucrose), and many others. Training in culinary arts is possible in most countries around the world. Usually at tertiary level (university). With institutions government funded, privately funded or commercial. Before cooking institutions, professional cooks were mentors for individual students who apprenticed under them. In 1879 the first cooking school was founded in the United States: the Boston Cooking School. This school standardized cooking practices and recipes, and laid the groundwork for the culinary arts schools that would follow. Fannie Merritt Farmer was a student, and later the principal, of the Boston Cooking School She became the first person in the U.S to write a cookbook. Farmer’s Boston Cooking School Cookbook included over 1,000 recipes along with cooking tips. After WWII there was a demand for culinary arts which the newly invented television and the radio broadcast to the American masses. In the 1940's, James Beard hosted a cooking show that was extremely popular, and in the 1960's Julia Child brought French cooking practices to America by radio and television. These shows along with the many others that followed helped to educate people and popularize the education of culinary arts. A cooking school is an institution devoted to education in the art and science of cooking and food preparation. There are many different types of cooking schools around the world, some devoted to training professional chefs, others aimed at amateur enthusiasts, with some being a mixture of the two. Amateur cooking schools are often intertwined with culinary tourism in many countries. Programs can vary from half a day to several years. Some programs lead to an academic degree or a recognized vocational qualification, while others do not. Many programs include practical experience in the kitchen of a restaurant attached to the school or a period of work experience in a privately owned restaurant. Some schools, such as Le Cordon Bleu, offer programs through which a chef may demonstrate his or her knowledge and skills and be given certification. Others, such as Baltimore International College, Stratford University, Johnson and Wales University, and the Culinary Institute of America offer programs whereby students gain either an Associate's or Bachelor's degree. There are also a few, such as Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, Manchester Community College in Connecticut, Los Angeles Trade Technical College in California, or where students receive upon graduation not only an Associate's degree but also certification by the American Culinary Federation, the largest professional chefs' organization in North America.
Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts- Scottsdale formerly Scottsdale Culinary Institute (SCI) is a career-focused school in Arizona specializing in culinary and hospitality education. Elizabeth Sherman Leite started Scottsdale Culinary Institute in 1986. The College is owned by Career Education Corporation under a licensing agreement with Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. The Institute is located in a former country club on a golf course and lakefront overlooking Camelback Mountain.[1]
Scottsdale Culinary Institute is a Le Cordon Bleu Schools North American affiliate and offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Management and Le Cordon Bleu Hospitality and Restaurant Management and Associate of Occupational Studies degrees in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts, Le Cordon Bleu Pâtisserie and Baking and Le Cordon Bleu Restaurant and Hospitality Management and certificates in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts and Le Cordon Bleu Pâtisserie and Baking. Bachelor's degrees: Bachelor of Arts Degree in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Management:
Bachelor of Arts Degree in Le Cordon Bleu Hospitality and Restaurant Management:
Associate of Occupational Studies Degrees: Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts:
Le Cordon Bleu Hospitality and Restaurant Management:
Le Cordon Bleu Pâtisserie and Baking:
Certificate Programs:
Camelback Campus is the main campus for Scottsdale Culinary Institute and is housed in a former country club overlooking the Camelback Mountain. Camelback Campus houses administrative offices, numerous classrooms and kitchens,and L’Ecole, a student-run 100-seat restaurant. L’Ecole serves as an operations classroom and instructional laboratories. The SkyBridge facility is an expansion of the Camelback Main Campus. It is located in Old Town Scottsdale, Arizona, minutes away from the main campus. The facilities at SkyBridge Campus include:
Le Cordon Bleu [lə kɔʁdɔ̃ blø] (French for "The Blue Ribbon") is an international chain of hospitality and culinary schools teaching French cuisine. Its educational focuses are hospitality management, culinary arts, and gastronomy. The institution is the most extensive network of hospitality and culinary schools in the world, consisting of 35 institutes in 20 countries. Le Cordon Bleu has over 20,000 students of many different nationalities.[1]
The origin of the school name may come from the French Royal and Catholic Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Esprit. This was a select group of the French Nobility that had been knighted. The first creation of Royal Knights at the French Court was performed in 1576. The French Order of the Holy Spirit was for many centuries the most important highest distinction of the French Kingdom. Each member was awarded the Cross of the Holy Spirit, which hung from a blue silk ribbon. According to one story, this group became known for its extravagant and luxurious banquets, known as "cordons bleus". At the time of the French Revolution, the monarchy and the Order were abolished, but the name remained synonymous with the excellent French cooking. Another theory has it that the blue ribbon simply became synonymous with excellence, and this was later applied to other fields such as cooking.[2] The name was adopted by a French culinary magazine, La Cuisinière Cordon Bleu, founded by Marthe Distel in the late 19th century.[2] The magazine began offering lessons by some of the best chefs in France. This grew to become a cooking school that opened in Paris in 1895 and which became recognized as one of the most elite cooking schools in the world. The school closed during the German occupation of Paris (1940–44). After the war, Madame Elisabeth Brassart relaunched the school both on rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré in Paris and at the Chateau de Montjean. Brassart managed the school until 1984; at the age of 87 she retired. She sold the school to the previous owner, André J. Cointreau, a descendant of both the Cointreau and Rémy Martin dynasties. In the United States, 16 schools operated under the "Le Cordon Bleu North America" name through a licensing agreement with Career Education Corporation (CEC), a for-profit education company based in Chicago, Illinois.[6][7][8] In 2009, the license was estimated to be worth $135 million.[9] However, in light of the gainful employment rules implemented by the US Department of Education in 2015, CEC, which owned and operated the US schools, made the decision to sell the 16 campuses. When they failed to find a buyer[7][10][11] they announced on 16 December 2015 that they will close all 16 Cordon Bleu campuses in the United States teaching out the program through September 2017.[10][12][7] Their last new students were accepted in January 2016.[10][7] In 2014, Le Cordon Bleu North America generated $178.6 million in revenue and $70.6 million of operating losses.[13] In June 2016, The Securities and Exchange Commission requested documents and information regarding Career Education's fourth quarter 2014 classification of its Le Cordon Bleu campuses.[14] Independent of the Le Cordon Bleu North America Schools, Le Cordon Bleu has maintained a presence in the United States through their US office, Le Cordon Bleu Inc. Established in 1992, Le Cordon Bleu Inc, in New York City, serves to assist US students who wish to study abroad.[15]
Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts in Chicago (formerly known as The Cooking and Hospitality Institute of Chicago) was founded in 1983. The school was accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and was located in Chicago, Illinois. The school offered an Associate of Occupational Studies degree and Certificate Program in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts and an Associate of Occupational Studies degree in Le Cordon Bleu Pâtisserie and Baking.[3]
Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts in Chicago (formerly known as The Cooking and Hospitality Institute of Chicago) was founded in May 1983. The school was designed to prepare students for careers in the culinary arts. Linda Calafiore, a successful cook, established the school using traditional European teaching methods.[4] Since its opening, the school has had thousands of graduates, many of whom went on to work in restaurants around the nation. The school expanded in 1989 and received degree-granting authorization in 1991. Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts in Chicago was acquired on February 1, 2000, by the Career Education Corporation. In June 2000, the school became affiliated with Le Cordon Bleu. The Higher Learning Commission accredited the school in 2003. The campus was again expanded in 2004. Due to demand for the Le Cordon Bleu Program, additional kitchen space was required. Five new industry-current kitchens were built, along with two classrooms and a modern computer lounge.[5] In December 2016, Career Education Corporation announced that it would no longer be enrolling students for its Le Cordon Bleu program on campuses across the United States. They closed the program entirely by September 2017. Todd Nelson, CEO of Career Education, cited federal regulations limiting loans for students at and continuing pressures on predatory practices by for-profit institutions as reasons for the closures.[6]
Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts in Chicago offers Associate, Certificate and Diploma programs in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts that combine French methods with modern American practices.[7]
The school offers Associate, Certificate and Diploma programs in Le Cordon Bleu Pâtisserie and Baking that can lead to an entry-level position as a pastry cook or bread shaper.[7]
Sanford-Brown College, with campuses located in Mendota Heights and Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, United States, was formed when Brown College merged with Sanford–Brown in March 2014, to form Sanford-Brown College. These campuses were part of a larger group of schools under the same general heading.[1] Generally each campus was separately administered, although the two in Minnesota, under the heading of "Brown College", were under the same president (later director). Like the rest of this system, Brown College was a for-profit school and a subsidiary of Career Education Corporation. The College offered programs in the areas of Broadcasting, Game Design, Visual Communications, Network, Business Management, Medical Assisting, and Criminal Justice. The school ran on 5 week modules continuously throughout the year, with week breaks in July and December. In May 2015 Career Education Corporation announced the closure of all remaining Sanford–Brown schools.[2] The school was originally established in 1946 as the American Institute of the Air by Richard and Helen Brown. The college originally occupied a seven-building campus on East Lake Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The initial campus was made up of old business buildings that were remodeled and refurbished. In 1954, the school changed its name to Brown Institute and then in 2001, it became Brown College. Richard and Helen retired in 1978 but were active participants in Brown events until their deaths in 1994. In July 1986, due to enrollment increases and the lack of space that resulted, the school moved to a brand new facility on Lake Street and Hiawatha Avenue in Minneapolis. In 1997, it relocated again to a Mendota Heights, again due to space needs. Brown College further expanded in October 2001 when it opened its Brooklyn Center, a second campus in a suburb of the northwestern Twin Cities. In April 2003, Career Education Corporation canceled the Electronics Technology program at Brown College. Electronics was one of the first programs established after the Broadcasting program, and was one of the programs that built Brown's reputation nationwide. Career Education Corporation formed a partnership with Le Cordon Bleu, Paris, in January 1999. Brown was the first college in North America to include a Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Program. February 2005, Le Cordon Bleu began operating as a separate entity. As of December 2011, the College suspended taking new students in Game Design & Development.[citation needed] Sanford-Brown's Mendota Heights campus closed in January, 2017. In April of that year the final students finished their programs at the Brooklyn Center campus and the building was emptied. Brown College had three schools offers Bachelor’s and associate degrees in the following areas:
Le Cordon Bleu Institute of Culinary Arts in Pittsburgh was a cooking school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, operating from 1986 to 2012. The institute offered a variety of specialized culinary degrees.[1]
LCB Pittsburgh was originally instituted as a branch campus of The Sawyer School. The Pennsylvania Institute of Culinary Arts obtained the campus in 1990 and subsequently earned an independent accreditation by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges. In early 2002, Pennsylvania Culinary Institute became a partner with the Le Cordon Bleu Schools in North America in order to offer Le Cordon Bleu culinary programs. LCB Pittsburgh had four culinary areas of study:[2]
LCB Pittsburgh awarded Associate of Specialized Technology degrees in the first three programs and a diploma in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Techniques. LCB Pittsburgh provided industry-style kitchens for student training. The facilities included a skill development kitchen; a stock, soup and sauce kitchen; a meat and poultry kitchen; a seafood/charcuterie kitchen; a pastry kitchen; a garde manger/classical/international cuisine kitchen; and multipurpose kitchens. The pâtisserie and baking kitchens included an American-style bakery kitchen, artisan bread kitchen, European-style pastry kitchen, cold and frozen dessert specialty kitchen, and a chocolate, candy and artistic sculpturing kitchen. On January 18, 2011, LCB Pittsburgh announced that it would no longer be accepting students, as the school is to be closing.[3] The closing was the result of a combination of events, including the end of the school's lease and political pressure by the Obama administration and Senate Democrats on Career Education Corporation as a for-profit school. (The Department of Education's proposed "gainful employment" rule would deny federal funding to schools with graduates facing high proportions of debt related to their expected salaries.[3]) Current students were allowed to finish their programs before the school closed its doors at the end of 2012.[3]
Le Cordon Bleu of Culinary Arts in Austin (LCB-Austin) was a private school located in The Domain, a 235-acre (0.95 km2), multi-use park in Austin, Texas. The cooking school was affiliated with Le Cordon Bleu Schools North America. Originally named Le Chef College of Hospitality Careers, Ronald F. Boston started the school as a chef-apprenticeship program in 1981. In 1999, the school was renamed Texas Culinary Academy. TCA was acquired by Career Education Corporation in August 2001. At Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts in Austin (formerly Texas Culinary Academy), cooking school students have the opportunity to receive Le Cordon Bleu's world-renowned culinary program in one of America's premier college towns. LCB-Austin operated within a 52,000-square-foot (4,831.0 m2) facility that contained six 2,000-square-foot (185.8 m2) labs, classrooms, a student library, a computer lab, a restaurant, a cafe and a retail store. Also located within the facility was a 100-seat demonstration kitchen. The school operated two on-campus restaurants. Ventana, a 100-seat restaurant which served classical French cuisine, opened in late 2002, and The Bleu River Grille is a casual coffee and sandwich shop.[1] LCB-Austin offered an Associate of Applied Science Degree in Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts and certificates in Le Cordon Bleu Pâtisserie & Baking and Le Cordon Bleu Culinary Arts. All of the programs provided the theoretical foundation, culinary principles and technical skills based on traditions of Le Cordon Bleu.
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School DescriptionLe Cordon Bleu This program features a comprehensive curricula that will season you for a career in the food service industry. Our AAS program combines coursework in three areas: culinary, baking and pastry, and management, including over 450 Le Cordon Bleu proficiencies. This spectrum of learning creates a broad, yet thorough experience, complete with theoretical foundations and technical skills. Graduates of the AAS program are prepared for a variety of positions in any food service operation. |
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