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A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline). In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed. In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g., MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).

The term bachelor in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner. By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word baccalaureus came to be associated with bacca lauri ("laurel berry") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.[1]

Under the British system, and those influenced by it, undergraduate academic degrees are differentiated as either non-honours degrees (known variously as pass degrees, ordinary degrees or general degrees) or honours degrees, the latter sometimes denoted by the addition of "(Hons)" after the degree abbreviation.[2]

An honours degree generally requires a higher academic standard than a pass degree, and in some systems an additional year of study beyond the non-honours bachelor's. Some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada, have a postgraduate "bachelor with honours" degree. This may be taken as a consecutive academic degree, continuing on from the completion of a bachelor's degree program in the same field, or as part of an integrated honours program. These programs typically require completion of a full-year long research thesis project.

Bachelor's degrees in the United States are typically designed to be completed in four years of full-time study, although some programs (such as engineering or architecture)[21] usually take five, and some universities and colleges allow ambitious students (usually with the help of summer school, who are taking many classes each semester or who have existing credit from high school Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate course exams) to complete them in as little as three years. Some US colleges and universities have a separate academic track known as an "honors" or "scholars" program, generally offered to the top percentile of students (based on GPA), that offers more challenging courses or more individually directed seminars or research projects in lieu of the standard core curriculum. Those students are awarded the same bachelor's degree as students completing the standard curriculum but with the notation in cursu honorum on the transcript and the diploma. Usually, the above Latin honors are separate from the notation for this honors course, but a student in the honors course generally must maintain grades worthy of at least the cum laude notation anyway.[22] Hence, a graduate might receive a diploma Artium Baccalaureatum rite or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in the regular course or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in cursu honorum in the honors course.

If the student has completed the requirements for an honors degree only in a particular discipline (e.g., English language and literature), the degree is designated accordingly (e.g., B.A. with Honors in English). In this case, the degree candidate will complete the normal curriculum for all subjects except the selected discipline ("English," in the preceding example). The requirements in either case usually require completion of particular honors seminars, independent research at a level higher than usually required (often with greater personal supervision by faculty than usual), and a written honors thesis in the major subject.

Many universities and colleges in the United States award bachelor's degrees with Latin honors, usually (in ascending order) cum laude ("with honor/praise"), magna cum laude ("with great honor/praise"), summa cum laude ("with highest honor/praise"), and the occasionally seen maxima cum laude ("with maximal honor/praise"). Requirements for such notations of honors generally include minimum grade point averages (GPA), with the highest average required for the summa distinction (or maxima, when that distinction is present). In the case of some schools, such as Bates College, Carleton College, Colby College, Middlebury College, Guilford College, Franklin College Switzerland, and larger universities like the University of Virginia, Princeton University, North Carolina State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, a senior thesis for degrees in the humanities or laboratory research for natural science (and sometimes social science) degrees is also required. Five notable exceptions are Reed College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Evergreen State College, Sarah Lawrence College, and Bennington College, which do not have deans' lists, Latin honors recognitions, or undergraduate honors programs or subjects.

• Baccalaureate from the Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com). Retrieved 21 December 2011.

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• "Universities in Morocco". Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• (in French) L'enseignement Superieur au Maroc Archived 15 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, p. 11

• Nigerian Universities Commission "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-05. .

• National Youth Service Corps http://www.nysc.gov.ng/

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• "History". Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• Wanyama, Henry (9 March 2012). "Kenya: State to Upgrade Nine Colleges, Says Kamar" – via AllAfrica.

• "Ranking Web of World universities: Top Oceania". Webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-04.

• Note the Australian degree is "bachelor", not "bachelor's" in official documents

• "Australian Qualifications Framework" (PDF). January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "How to apply, honours". monash.edu.au. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 2014-02-13.

• "Alignment of the AQF with the New Zealand Qualifications Framework and the European Qualifications Framework: consultation paper" (PDF). Australian Qualifications Framework. September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "Bachelor of Science (Honours), Courses and Programs". The University of Queensland, Australia. Retrieved 4 September 2011.

• Note the Australian degree is a "masters", not a "master's" in official documents

• "Australia Country Education Profiles" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Education and Training. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1-76028-290-5. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "European Union". New Zealand Qualifications Authority. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

• "Canadian Degree Qualifications Framework" (PDF). Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada. Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2016.

• Panacci, Adam G. (2014). "Baccalaureate Degrees at Ontario Colleges: Issues and Implications". The College Quarterly. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

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• Ministério da Educação, Conselho Nacional de Educação, Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução CES/CNE nº 2/2007 Resolução 4/2009. Retrieved from http://portal.mec.gov.br/

• Assessoria de Comunicação Social. "Diploma dos tecnólogos vale para concurso e pós-graduação". Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• "Education System: Austria" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "Education System: Belgium" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

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• Citizens' questions. Dutch Department of Education, Culture and Science.

• What for title may I bear after completing a promotion? Postbus 51.

• Note: the English prefix 'Mr.' corresponds to the Dutch prefix 'mr.', meaning a 'meester in de rechten', i.e., a Master of Law, or the English equivalent LL.M.

• "Intercalated Degrees". School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing. University of Glasgow. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Intercalated Degree of Medical Science". The Medical School. University of Sheffield. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "The UK Database of Intercalated Medical, Dental and Veterinary Courses". intercalate.co.uk. Hull York Medical School. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "University awards framework" (PDF). University of Oxford. 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Undergraduate". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "The Faculty of Law". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". Statutes and Regulations. University of Oxford. 16 September 2015. Conversion of BLitt, BPhil, and BSc to MLitt, MPhil, and MSc. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Two-year Honours Degrees Offered: The 'fast-track' Degrees Will Be Piloted at Five Universities". BBC News, 18 April 2006, accessed 8 October 2007: "Students in England can do honours degrees in two years, under new 'fast track' plans to save time and money."

• "Bachelor's + Master's in Just Three Years". University of Buckingham. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• Cook, Chris (23 June 2011). "UCL set to abandon old degree classifications. Other British universities to follow suit and adopt US-style grading". Financial Times. (Subscription required (help)).

• "Higher education credit framework for England: guidance on academic credit arrangements in higher education in England". Quality Assurance Agency. August 2008. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Compare different qualifications". Gov.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

• "Employer's guide to scottish higher education" (PDF). AGCAS Scotland. April 2008. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• Green, Chris (23 July 2008). "Studying in Scotland: Our friends in the north". Independent.

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• "The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework". Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework. Archived from the original on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies". Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 17. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Design and Industry, San Francisco State University". Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.

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• "Electrical and Computer Engineering | University of Waterloo". Ece.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 8 July 2010.

• "The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016. First degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science comprise an integrated programme of study and professional practice spanning several levels. While the final outcomes of the qualifications themselves typically meet the expectations of the descriptor for a higher education qualification at level 7/level 11, these qualifications may often retain, for historical reasons, titles of Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery, Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, or Bachelor of Veterinary Science and are abbreviated to MBChB or BM BS, BDS, BVetMed, and BVSc, respectively.

• "Medicine". Debrett's. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

• "The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. October 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.

• "Medical Training in the UK". British Medical Association. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016. Individuals in F1 posts receive a salary and are allowed to use the courtesy title 'Dr'.

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• "Bachelor of Urban Planning". College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, University of Cincinnati. Retrieved 3 April 2015.

• Boult, T. E., Chamillard, A. T., Lewis, R., Polok, N., Stock, G., & Wortman, D. (2009). Innovations in University Education in Innovation: Moving Beyond the B.Sc. International Journal of Innovation Science, 1(4), 167–178.

• Wits, W. W., Bakker, H. M., & Chechurin, L. S. (2012). Towards multidisciplinary support tools for innovation tasks. Procedia CIRP, 2, 16–21

Colleges and universities around the world offer bachelor's degrees, graduate degrees, diplomas and certificates in management, generally within their colleges of business, business schools or faculty of management but also in other related departments. In the 2010s, there has been an increase in online management education and training in the form of electronic educational technology ( also called e-learning). Online education has increased the accessibility of management training to people who do not live near a college or university, or who cannot afford to travel to a city where such training is available.

While some professions require academic credentials in order to work in the profession (e.g., law, medicine, engineering, which require, respectively the Bachelor of Law, Doctor of Medicine and Bachelor of Engineering degrees), management and administration positions do not necessarily require the completion of academic degrees. Some well-known senior executives in the US who did not complete a degree include Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg. However, many managers and executives have completed some type of business or management training, such as a Bachelor of Commerce or a Master of Business Administration degree. Some major organizations, including companies, not-for-profit organizations and governments, require applicants to managerial or executive positions to hold at minimum Bachelor's degree in a field related to administration or management, or in the case of business jobs, a Bachelor of Commerce or a similar degree.

Undergraduate

At the undergraduate level, the most common business program is the Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.). However to manage technological areas, you need an undergraduate degree in a STEM area as preferred to Defense Acquisition University guidelines. This is typically a four-year program that includes courses that give students an overview of the role of managers in planning and directing within an organization. Course topics include accounting, financial management, statistics, marketing, strategy, and other related areas. There are many other undergraduate degrees that include the study of management, such as Bachelor of Arts degrees with a major in business administration or management and Bachelor of Public Administration (B.P.A), a degree designed for individuals aiming to work as bureaucrats in the government jobs. Many colleges and universities also offer certificates and diplomas in business administration or management, which typically require one to two years of full-time study.

Graduate

At the graduate level students aiming at careers as managers or executives may choose to specialize in major subareas of management or business administration such as entrepreneurship, human resources, international business, organizational behavior, organizational theory, strategic management, accounting, corporate finance, entertainment, global management, healthcare management, investment management, sustainability and real estate. A Master of Business Administration (MBA) is the most popular professional degree at the master's level and can be obtained from many universities in the United States. MBA programs provide further education in management and leadership for graduate students. Other master's degrees in business and management include Master of Management (MM) and the Master of Science (M.Sc.) in business administration or management, which is typically taken by students aiming to become researchers or professors. There are also specialized master's degrees in administration for individuals aiming at careers outside of business, such as the Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree (also offered as a Master of Arts in Public Administration in some universities), for students aiming to become managers or executives in the public service and the Master of Health Administration, for students aiming to become managers or executives in the health care and hospital sector.

Management doctorates are the most advanced terminal degrees in the field of business and management. Most individuals obtaining management doctorates take the programs to obtain the training in research methods, statistical analysis and writing academic papers that they will need to seek careers as researchers, senior consultants and/or professors in business administration or management. There are three main types of management doctorates: the Doctor of Management (D.M.), the Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.), and the Ph.D. in Business Administration or Management. In the 2010s, doctorates in business administration and management are available with many specializations.

Oklahoma (/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (listen);[25] Cherokee: ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ, ogalahoma;[26] Choctaw: Oklahumma)[27] is a state in the South Central region of the United States,[28] bordered by Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, Texas on the south, New Mexico on the west, and Colorado on the northwest. It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the fifty United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people".[29] It is also known informally by its nickname, "The Sooner State", in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which dramatically increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory. Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16, 1907. Its residents are known as Oklahomans (or colloquially, "Okies"), and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

State of Oklahoma
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Native America, Land of the Red Man, Sooner State
Motto(s): Labor omnia vincit (Latin: Work conquers all)
State song(s): "Oklahoma (Rodgers and Hammerstein song), Oklahoma Hills"
Official language	English (Choctaw official within Choctaw Nation, Cherokee official within Cherokee Nation and UKB)[1][2][3]
Demonym	Oklahoman; Okie (colloq.)
Capital (and largest city)	Oklahoma City
Largest metro	Greater Oklahoma City
Area	Ranked 20th
• Total	69,899 sq mi (181,040 km2)
• Width	230 miles (370 km)
• Length	465 miles (749 km)
• % water	1.9
• Latitude	33°37' N to 37° N
• Longitude	94° 26' W to 103° W
Population	Ranked 28th
• Total	3,943,079 (2018)
• Density	55.2/sq mi  (21.3/km2) Ranked 35th
• Median household income	$50,051[4] (44th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Black Mesa[5][6] 4,975 ft (1516 m)
• Mean	1,300 ft  (400 m)
• Lowest point	Little River at Arkansas border[5][6] 289 ft (88 m)
Before statehood	Indian Territory (1834–1907) Oklahoma Territory (1890–1907)
Admitted to the Union	November 16, 1907 (46th)
Governor	Kevin Stitt (R)
Lieutenant Governor	Matt Pinnell (R)
Legislature	Oklahoma Legislature
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Jim Inhofe (R) James Lankford (R)
U.S. House delegation	4 Republicans 1 Democrat (list)
Time zones
• all of state (legally)	Central: UTC -6/-5
• Kenton (informally)	Mountain: UTC -7/-6
ISO 3166	US-OK
Abbreviations	OK, Okla.
Website	www.ok.gov

Oklahoma state symbols
The Flag of Oklahoma
The Seal of Oklahoma
Living insignia
Amphibian	Bullfrog[7]
Bird	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher[8]
Fish	Sand bass[9]
Flower	Oklahoma Rose Wildflower: Indian Blanket
Grass	Indian Grass
Insect	European honey bee
Mammal	American bison[10]
Reptile	Mountain Boomer
Tree	Redbud
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk[11]
Colors	White and green (vice versa)
Dance	Waltz: Oklahoma Wind
Dinosaur	Acrocanthosaurus atokensis[12]
Folk dance	Square dance
Fossil	Saurophaganax maximus[13]
Instrument	Drum[14]
Rock	Rose Rock
Soil	Port Silt Loam
Tartan	Oklahoma Tartan
Other	Cartoon: Gusty created by Don Woods, Oklahoma's first professional meteorologist, used on KTUL-TV from 1954 to 1989.[15][16] Fruit: Strawberry[17] Vegetable: Watermelon[18][19] Game bird: Wild turkey[20] Monument: Golden Driller[21] Rock song: "Do You Realize??" by The Flaming Lips[22] Theater group: Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma[23][8]
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2008, as part of the state quarters series. Oklahoma's state bird flying above its state wildflower.[24]
Lists of United States state symbols

A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.[30] Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas.[31]

With ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, a region prone to severe weather.[32] More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma,[33] ranking third behind Alaska and California.

Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives, a destination for Southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans.

Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food.[30] The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat.[131] Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma,[132] and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation,[133] with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.[134]

In 2010, Oklahoma City-based Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores ranked 18th on the Forbes list of largest private companies, Tulsa-based QuikTrip ranked 37th, and Oklahoma City-based Hobby Lobby ranked 198th in 2010 report.[135] Oklahoma's gross domestic product grew from $131.9 billion in 2006 to $147.5 billion in 2010, a jump of 10.6 percent.[136] Oklahoma's gross domestic product per capita was $35,480 in 2010, which was ranked 40th among the states.[137]

Though oil has historically dominated the state's economy, a collapse in the energy industry during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy-related jobs between 1980 and 2000, severely damaging the local economy.[138] Oil accounted for 35 billion dollars in Oklahoma's economy in 2007,[139] and employment in the state's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007.[140] As of July 2017, the state's unemployment rate is 4.4%.[141]

With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008.[159] Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009–10 school year.[160] Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, and was 47th in the nation in expenditures per student,[159] though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.[161]

The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling.[162] High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate.[163] In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among Southern states.[164][165] According to a study conducted by the Pell Institute, Oklahoma ranks 48th in college-participation for low-income students.[166]

The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, the University of Central Oklahoma, and Northeastern State University are the largest public institutions of higher education in Oklahoma, operating through one primary campus and satellite campuses throughout the state. The two state universities, along with Oklahoma City University and the University of Tulsa, rank among the country's best in undergraduate business programs.[167]

Oklahoma City University School of Law, University of Oklahoma College of Law, and University of Tulsa College of Law are the state's only ABA accredited institutions. Both University of Oklahoma and University of Tulsa are Tier 1 institutions, with the University of Oklahoma ranked 68th and the University of Tulsa ranked 86th in the nation.[168]

Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities,[169] including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River,[170] also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma[171] and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount.[170][172] Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007,[173] and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by Oklahoma's CareerTech program for training in specific fields of industry or trade.[159]

In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). National average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.[174]

Beginning on April 2, 2018, tens of thousands of K–12 public school teachers went on strike due to lack of funding. According to the National Education Association, teachers in Oklahoma had ranked 49th out of the 50 states in terms of teacher pay in 2016. The Oklahoma Legislature had passed a measure a week earlier to raise teacher salaries by $6,100, but it fell short of the $10,000 raise for teachers, $5,000 raise for other school employees, and $200 million increase in extra education funding many had sought.[175]

• "Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB" (PDF). Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014.

• "UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language" (PDF). United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2017.

• "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2014.

• "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.

• "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• "Oklahoma State Amphibian - Bullfrog". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Icons". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State Fish - White Bass". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Animal - Buffalo". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Beverage - Milk". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Dinosaur - Acrocanthosaurus atokensis". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Fossil". State fossils. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State Percussive Instrument - Drum". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• Oklahoma Statutes, §25–98.8

• "Oklahoma State Cartoon Character - Gusty". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Symbols and Emblems – Complete list of Oklahoma state symbols including the state flag and state seal from NETSTATE.COM". Netstate.com. Retrieved November 18, 2015.

• "Watermelon State Vegetable". State Symbols USA. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• Matthew Weaver. "It's a scandal: Oklahoma declares watermelon a vegetable". the Guardian.

• "Oklahoma State Game Bird - Wild Turkey". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Monument - Golden Driller". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• John Benson, (April 28, 2009). "Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor". Reuters.

• "Oklahoma State Theater Group - Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "New Oklahoma Quarter Launches into History". United States Mint. Retrieved February 9, 2008.

• "Oklahoma". Dictionary.com. Retrieved August 10, 2007.

• "Oklahoma, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ". Cherokee-English Dictionary. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

• "Chahta Okla, The Choctaw People". www.choctawnation.com. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

• "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• Wright, Muriel (June 1936). "Chronicles of Oklahoma". Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Oklahoma at a Glance" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (csv) on July 10, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2007.

• "Oklahoma, All Terrain Vacation". TravelOK. TravelOK.com. January 12, 2006. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.

• Greymorning, Stephen. "Profiles of Native American Education Programs". Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 10, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State History and Information". A Look at Oklahoma. Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation. 2007. Archived from the original on July 29, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2006.

• Merserve, John (1941). "Chief Allen Wright". Chronicles of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on May 7, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2006.

• ""River", Southband Pawnee". American Indian Studies Research Institute. Retrieved May 26, 2012.

• "Cayuga: Our Oral Legacy". Cayuga Digital Dictionary. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

• "Dictionary of the Arapaho Language". studylib.net. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

• "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. September 2012. pp. V–2, 1 & 41 (Tables 1 & 18). Retrieved October 11, 2018.

• "A Tapestry of Time and Terrain". United States Geological Survey. April 17, 2003. Archived from the original on May 15, 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "The Geography of Oklahoma". Netstate. July 31, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

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        Industry Description

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	Business Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Bachelor of Science in Business/Management is designed for the working adult who wants to acquire or build knowledge and skills essential for management in private and public organizations. The management major emphasizes performance systems, employment law, marketing and public relations, financial analysis, global business strategies, and quality management. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Oklahoma City, OK ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	BS Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: University of Phoenix Bachelor of Science in management (BSM) program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry for improving organizational effectiveness. The program concentrates on the development of general management roles to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. managers become prepared to apply professional skills and knowledge to focus on the future, manage innovation, and make decisions based on facts in a customer focused atmosphere. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Oklahoma City, OK ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	Business Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Bachelor of Science in Business/Management is designed for the working adult who wants to acquire or build knowledge and skills essential for management in private and public organizations. The management major emphasizes performance systems, employment law, marketing and public relations, financial analysis, global business strategies, and quality management. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Tulsa, OK ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	BS Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: University of Phoenix Bachelor of Science in management (BSM) program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry for improving organizational effectiveness. The program concentrates on the development of general management roles to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. managers become prepared to apply professional skills and knowledge to focus on the future, manage innovation, and make decisions based on facts in a customer focused atmosphere. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Tulsa, OK ::  more info

 

Industry Description

Oklahoma Listing

A degree in Management will help you become an effective manager of both people and projects. The challenging curriculum was developed to provide you with the personal and professional skills needed to further an organization's goals and objectives.

The program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry for improving organizational effectiveness. The program concentrates on the development of general management roles to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. managers become prepared to apply professional skills and knowledge to focus on the future, manage innovation, and make decisions based on facts in a customer focused atmosphere.

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