Get Your Degree Online!

:: Business Management Pennsylvania PA

A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline). In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed. In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g., MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).

The term bachelor in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner. By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word baccalaureus came to be associated with bacca lauri ("laurel berry") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.[1]

Under the British system, and those influenced by it, undergraduate academic degrees are differentiated as either non-honours degrees (known variously as pass degrees, ordinary degrees or general degrees) or honours degrees, the latter sometimes denoted by the addition of "(Hons)" after the degree abbreviation.[2]

An honours degree generally requires a higher academic standard than a pass degree, and in some systems an additional year of study beyond the non-honours bachelor's. Some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada, have a postgraduate "bachelor with honours" degree. This may be taken as a consecutive academic degree, continuing on from the completion of a bachelor's degree program in the same field, or as part of an integrated honours program. These programs typically require completion of a full-year long research thesis project.

Bachelor's degrees in the United States are typically designed to be completed in four years of full-time study, although some programs (such as engineering or architecture)[21] usually take five, and some universities and colleges allow ambitious students (usually with the help of summer school, who are taking many classes each semester or who have existing credit from high school Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate course exams) to complete them in as little as three years. Some US colleges and universities have a separate academic track known as an "honors" or "scholars" program, generally offered to the top percentile of students (based on GPA), that offers more challenging courses or more individually directed seminars or research projects in lieu of the standard core curriculum. Those students are awarded the same bachelor's degree as students completing the standard curriculum but with the notation in cursu honorum on the transcript and the diploma. Usually, the above Latin honors are separate from the notation for this honors course, but a student in the honors course generally must maintain grades worthy of at least the cum laude notation anyway.[22] Hence, a graduate might receive a diploma Artium Baccalaureatum rite or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in the regular course or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in cursu honorum in the honors course.

If the student has completed the requirements for an honors degree only in a particular discipline (e.g., English language and literature), the degree is designated accordingly (e.g., B.A. with Honors in English). In this case, the degree candidate will complete the normal curriculum for all subjects except the selected discipline ("English," in the preceding example). The requirements in either case usually require completion of particular honors seminars, independent research at a level higher than usually required (often with greater personal supervision by faculty than usual), and a written honors thesis in the major subject.

Many universities and colleges in the United States award bachelor's degrees with Latin honors, usually (in ascending order) cum laude ("with honor/praise"), magna cum laude ("with great honor/praise"), summa cum laude ("with highest honor/praise"), and the occasionally seen maxima cum laude ("with maximal honor/praise"). Requirements for such notations of honors generally include minimum grade point averages (GPA), with the highest average required for the summa distinction (or maxima, when that distinction is present). In the case of some schools, such as Bates College, Carleton College, Colby College, Middlebury College, Guilford College, Franklin College Switzerland, and larger universities like the University of Virginia, Princeton University, North Carolina State University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, a senior thesis for degrees in the humanities or laboratory research for natural science (and sometimes social science) degrees is also required. Five notable exceptions are Reed College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Evergreen State College, Sarah Lawrence College, and Bennington College, which do not have deans' lists, Latin honors recognitions, or undergraduate honors programs or subjects.

• Baccalaureate from the Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com). Retrieved 21 December 2011.

• "Beyond the honours degree classification, The Burgess Group final report" (PDF). Universities UK. October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2010.

• "Universities in Morocco". Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• (in French) L'enseignement Superieur au Maroc Archived 15 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, p. 11

• Nigerian Universities Commission "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-05. .

• National Youth Service Corps http://www.nysc.gov.ng/

• http://www.utunis.rnu.tn/tbs/ungrad_curric.html

• "History". Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• Wanyama, Henry (9 March 2012). "Kenya: State to Upgrade Nine Colleges, Says Kamar" – via AllAfrica.

• "Ranking Web of World universities: Top Oceania". Webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-04.

• Note the Australian degree is "bachelor", not "bachelor's" in official documents

• "Australian Qualifications Framework" (PDF). January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "How to apply, honours". monash.edu.au. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 2014-02-13.

• "Alignment of the AQF with the New Zealand Qualifications Framework and the European Qualifications Framework: consultation paper" (PDF). Australian Qualifications Framework. September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "Bachelor of Science (Honours), Courses and Programs". The University of Queensland, Australia. Retrieved 4 September 2011.

• Note the Australian degree is a "masters", not a "master's" in official documents

• "Australia Country Education Profiles" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Education and Training. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1-76028-290-5. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "European Union". New Zealand Qualifications Authority. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

• "Canadian Degree Qualifications Framework" (PDF). Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada. Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2016.

• Panacci, Adam G. (2014). "Baccalaureate Degrees at Ontario Colleges: Issues and Implications". The College Quarterly. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

• "Penn State College of Arts and Architecture". Retrieved 2 July 2013.

• "WVU Honors College". Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.

• Ministério da Educação, Conselho Nacional de Educação, Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução CES/CNE nº 2/2007 Resolução 4/2009. Retrieved from http://portal.mec.gov.br/

• Assessoria de Comunicação Social. "Diploma dos tecnólogos vale para concurso e pós-graduação". Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• "Education System: Austria" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "Education System: Belgium" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

• "Degrees and studies". Retrieved 29 June 2015.

• Citizens' questions. Dutch Department of Education, Culture and Science.

• What for title may I bear after completing a promotion? Postbus 51.

• Note: the English prefix 'Mr.' corresponds to the Dutch prefix 'mr.', meaning a 'meester in de rechten', i.e., a Master of Law, or the English equivalent LL.M.

• "Intercalated Degrees". School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing. University of Glasgow. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Intercalated Degree of Medical Science". The Medical School. University of Sheffield. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "The UK Database of Intercalated Medical, Dental and Veterinary Courses". intercalate.co.uk. Hull York Medical School. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "University awards framework" (PDF). University of Oxford. 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Undergraduate". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "The Faculty of Law". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". Statutes and Regulations. University of Oxford. 16 September 2015. Conversion of BLitt, BPhil, and BSc to MLitt, MPhil, and MSc. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Two-year Honours Degrees Offered: The 'fast-track' Degrees Will Be Piloted at Five Universities". BBC News, 18 April 2006, accessed 8 October 2007: "Students in England can do honours degrees in two years, under new 'fast track' plans to save time and money."

• "Bachelor's + Master's in Just Three Years". University of Buckingham. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• Cook, Chris (23 June 2011). "UCL set to abandon old degree classifications. Other British universities to follow suit and adopt US-style grading". Financial Times. (Subscription required (help)).

• "Higher education credit framework for England: guidance on academic credit arrangements in higher education in England". Quality Assurance Agency. August 2008. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

• "Compare different qualifications". Gov.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

• "Employer's guide to scottish higher education" (PDF). AGCAS Scotland. April 2008. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• Green, Chris (23 July 2008). "Studying in Scotland: Our friends in the north". Independent.

• "The Framework for Qualifications of Higher Education Institutions in Scotland". Quality Assurance Agency. June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Standard Terminology: Glossary of Terms for Taught Degrees". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Assessment and Award of Credit". University of Stirling. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Dundee – Scottish University". Retrieved 18 July 2017.

• "The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework". Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework. Archived from the original on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies". Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 17. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

• "Design and Industry, San Francisco State University". Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.

• "List of Majors: Office of the University Registrar: University of Delaware". Udel.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2010.

• "Electrical and Computer Engineering | University of Waterloo". Ece.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 8 July 2010.

• "The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016. First degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science comprise an integrated programme of study and professional practice spanning several levels. While the final outcomes of the qualifications themselves typically meet the expectations of the descriptor for a higher education qualification at level 7/level 11, these qualifications may often retain, for historical reasons, titles of Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery, Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, or Bachelor of Veterinary Science and are abbreviated to MBChB or BM BS, BDS, BVetMed, and BVSc, respectively.

• "Medicine". Debrett's. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

• "The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. October 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.

• "Medical Training in the UK". British Medical Association. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016. Individuals in F1 posts receive a salary and are allowed to use the courtesy title 'Dr'.

• "Bachelor". Ccms.edu. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-04.

• "Bachelor of Urban Planning". College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, University of Cincinnati. Retrieved 3 April 2015.

• Boult, T. E., Chamillard, A. T., Lewis, R., Polok, N., Stock, G., & Wortman, D. (2009). Innovations in University Education in Innovation: Moving Beyond the B.Sc. International Journal of Innovation Science, 1(4), 167–178.

• Wits, W. W., Bakker, H. M., & Chechurin, L. S. (2012). Towards multidisciplinary support tools for innovation tasks. Procedia CIRP, 2, 16–21

Colleges and universities around the world offer bachelor's degrees, graduate degrees, diplomas and certificates in management, generally within their colleges of business, business schools or faculty of management but also in other related departments. In the 2010s, there has been an increase in online management education and training in the form of electronic educational technology ( also called e-learning). Online education has increased the accessibility of management training to people who do not live near a college or university, or who cannot afford to travel to a city where such training is available.

While some professions require academic credentials in order to work in the profession (e.g., law, medicine, engineering, which require, respectively the Bachelor of Law, Doctor of Medicine and Bachelor of Engineering degrees), management and administration positions do not necessarily require the completion of academic degrees. Some well-known senior executives in the US who did not complete a degree include Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg. However, many managers and executives have completed some type of business or management training, such as a Bachelor of Commerce or a Master of Business Administration degree. Some major organizations, including companies, not-for-profit organizations and governments, require applicants to managerial or executive positions to hold at minimum Bachelor's degree in a field related to administration or management, or in the case of business jobs, a Bachelor of Commerce or a similar degree.

Undergraduate

At the undergraduate level, the most common business program is the Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.). However to manage technological areas, you need an undergraduate degree in a STEM area as preferred to Defense Acquisition University guidelines. This is typically a four-year program that includes courses that give students an overview of the role of managers in planning and directing within an organization. Course topics include accounting, financial management, statistics, marketing, strategy, and other related areas. There are many other undergraduate degrees that include the study of management, such as Bachelor of Arts degrees with a major in business administration or management and Bachelor of Public Administration (B.P.A), a degree designed for individuals aiming to work as bureaucrats in the government jobs. Many colleges and universities also offer certificates and diplomas in business administration or management, which typically require one to two years of full-time study.

Graduate

At the graduate level students aiming at careers as managers or executives may choose to specialize in major subareas of management or business administration such as entrepreneurship, human resources, international business, organizational behavior, organizational theory, strategic management, accounting, corporate finance, entertainment, global management, healthcare management, investment management, sustainability and real estate. A Master of Business Administration (MBA) is the most popular professional degree at the master's level and can be obtained from many universities in the United States. MBA programs provide further education in management and leadership for graduate students. Other master's degrees in business and management include Master of Management (MM) and the Master of Science (M.Sc.) in business administration or management, which is typically taken by students aiming to become researchers or professors. There are also specialized master's degrees in administration for individuals aiming at careers outside of business, such as the Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree (also offered as a Master of Arts in Public Administration in some universities), for students aiming to become managers or executives in the public service and the Master of Health Administration, for students aiming to become managers or executives in the health care and hospital sector.

Management doctorates are the most advanced terminal degrees in the field of business and management. Most individuals obtaining management doctorates take the programs to obtain the training in research methods, statistical analysis and writing academic papers that they will need to seek careers as researchers, senior consultants and/or professors in business administration or management. There are three main types of management doctorates: the Doctor of Management (D.M.), the Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.), and the Ph.D. in Business Administration or Management. In the 2010s, doctorates in business administration and management are available with many specializations.

Pennsylvania (/ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪniə/ (listen) PEN-sil-VAY-nee-ə), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle. The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Keystone State;[1] Quaker State
Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence
State song(s): "Pennsylvania"
Official language	None
Spoken languages	English 90.15% Spanish 4.09% German (Including Pennsylvania German) 0.87% Chinese 0.47% Italian 0.43%[2]
Demonym	Pennsylvanian
Capital	Harrisburg
Largest city	Philadelphia
Largest metro	Delaware Valley
Area	Ranked 33rd
• Total	46,055 sq mi (119,283 km2)
• Width	283 miles (455 km)
• Length	170 miles (273 km)
• % water	2.7
• Latitude	39° 43′ to 42° 16′ N
• Longitude	74° 41′ to 80° 31′ W
Population	Ranked 5th
• Total	12,807,060 (2018)
• Density	284/sq mi  (110/km2) Ranked 9th
• Median household income	$59,195[3] (25th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Mount Davis[4][5] 3,213 ft (979 m)
• Mean	1,100 ft  (340 m)
• Lowest point	Delaware River at Delaware border[4] Sea level
Before statehood	Province of Pennsylvania
Admitted to the Union	December 12, 1787 (2nd)
Governor	Tom Wolf (D)
Lieutenant Governor	John Fetterman (D)
Legislature	General Assembly
• Upper house	State Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Bob Casey Jr. (D) Pat Toomey (R)
U.S. House delegation	9 Democrats 8 Republicans 1 Vacant (list)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166	US-PA
Abbreviations	PA, Pa., Penn., Penna.
Website	www.pa.gov

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap

Interactive map of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania state symbols
The Flag of Pennsylvania
The Seal of Pennsylvania
Living insignia
Amphibian	Eastern Hellbender
Bird	Ruffed grouse
Dog breed	Great Dane
Fish	Brook trout
Flower	Mountain laurel
Insect	Firefly (Photuris pensylvanica)
Mammal	White-tailed deer
Tree	Eastern hemlock
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Dance	Polka
Food	Chocolate Chip Cookie [6]
Fossil	Trilobite
Soil	Hazleton
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 1999
Lists of United States state symbols

Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area, and the 6th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010. It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states. Pennsylvania's two most populous cities are Philadelphia (1,580,863), and Pittsburgh (302,407). The state capital and its 10th largest city is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary.[7]

The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn, the son of the state's namesake. Part of Pennsylvania (along the Delaware River), together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden. It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12, 1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the state's largest city of Philadelphia. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington's headquarters during the bitter winter of 1777–78.

Pennsylvania's 2016 total gross state product (GSP) of $719.8 billion ranks the state 6th in the nation.[105] If Pennsylvania were an independent country, its economy would rank as the 19th-largest in the world.[106] On a per-capita basis, Pennsylvania's 2016 per-capita GSP of $50,665 (in chained 2009 dollars) ranks 22nd among the 50 states.[105]

Geo map of average income by location in Pennsylvania. Data shown is from the 2014 American Community Survey 5-year estimate.

Philadelphia in the southeast corner, Pittsburgh in the southwest corner, Erie in the northwest corner, Scranton-Wilkes-Barre in the northeast corner, and Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton in the east central region are urban manufacturing centers. Much of the Commonwealth is rural; this dichotomy affects state politics as well as the state economy.[107] Philadelphia is home to six Fortune 500 companies,[108] with more located in suburbs like King of Prussia; it is a leader in the financial[109] and insurance industry.

Pittsburgh is home to eight Fortune 500 companies, including U.S. Steel, PPG Industries, and H.J. Heinz.[108] In all, Pennsylvania is home to fifty Fortune 500 companies.[108] Erie is also home to GE Transportation Systems, which is the largest producer of train locomotives in the United States.

As in the US as a whole and in most states, the largest private employer in the Commonwealth is Wal-Mart, followed by the University of Pennsylvania.[110][111] Pennsylvania is also home to the oldest investor-owned utility company in the US, The York Water Company.

As of November 2018, the state's unemployment rate is 4.2%.[112]

The Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) is the public university system of the Commonwealth, with 14 state-owned schools. The Commonwealth System of Higher Education is an organizing body of the 4 state-related schools in Pennsylvania, these schools are independent institutions that receive some state funding. There are also 15 publicly funded two-year community colleges and technical schools that are separate from the PASSHE system. Additionally there are many private two- and four-year technical schools, colleges and universities.

Carnegie Mellon University, The Pennsylvania State University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Pittsburgh, are members of the Association of American Universities, an invitation only organization of leading research universities. Lehigh University is also another renowned private research university located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State University is the Commonwealth's Land-grant university, Sea Grant College and, Space Grant College. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the first university in the United States and established the country's first medical school. The University of Pennsylvania is also the Commonwealth's only, and geographically the most southern, Ivy League school. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is the first and oldest art school in the United States.[156] Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, now a part of University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, was the first pharmacy school in the United States.[157]

• "Symbols of Pennsylvania". Portal.state.pa.us. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "Most spoken languages in Pennsylvania in 2010". MLA Data Center. Retrieved November 4, 2012.

• "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.

• "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• "Cookie Candidates". 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.

• "General Coastline and Shoreline Mileage of the United States" (PDF). NOAA Office of Coastal Management. Retrieved December 31, 2016.

• "Pennsylvania geography". Netstate.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• 2006 Statistical Abstract: Geography & Environment: Land and Land Use[dead link]

• "Pennsylvania Time Zone". Timetemperature.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "National Park Service: Our Fourth Shore". Cr.nps.gov. December 22, 2003. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• [1] Archived May 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "Climate Information — National Weather Service Central PA".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team. "National Weather Service Climate".

• louis, franquelin, jean baptiste. "Franquelin's map of Louisiana.". LOC.gov. Retrieved August 17, 2017.

• (Extrapolation from the 16th-century Spanish, 'Cali' ˈkali a rich agricultural area – geographical sunny climate. also 1536, Cauca River, linking Cali, important for higher population agriculture and cattle raising & Colombia's coffee is produced in the adjacent uplands. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 'Cali', city, metropolis, urban center. Pearson Education 2006. "Calica", Yucatán place name called rock pit, a port an hour south of Cancún. Sp. root: "Cal", limestone. Also today, 'Calicuas', supporting cylinder or enclosing ring, or moveable prop as in holding a strut)

• [2][dead link]

• N.Y. Hist. Col. Vol. V, p. 633

• "Life of Brainerd" p. 167

• "Lambreville to Bruyas Nov. 4,1696" N.Y. Hist. Col. Vol. III, p. 484

• "Pennsylvania Indian tribes". Accessgenealogy.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.

• Hale, Horatio "The Iroquois Book of Rites" 1884.

• Paullin, Charles O.; Wright, John K. (ed.) (1932). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States. New York and Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington and American Geographical Society. pp. Plate 42.

• Swindler, William F. (ed.) (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. pp. 17–23.

• Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States. Geological Survey Professional Papers. 909. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 74, 92.

• Munroe, John A. (1978). Colonial Delaware: A History. Millwood, New York: KTO Press. pp. 9–12.

• Munroe, John A. (1978). Colonial Delaware: A History. Millwood, New York: KTO Press. p. 16.

• McCormick, Richard P. (1964). New Jersey from Colony to State, 1609–1789. New Jersey Historical Series, Volume 1. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 12.

• Swindler, William F., Editor (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 4. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. pp. 278–280.

• Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States; Geological Survey Professional Paper 909. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 79.

• Swindler, William F., Editor (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 6. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. pp. 375–377.

• Farnham, Mary Frances; Compiler. (1901–1902). Farnham Papers (1603–1688). Volumes 7 and 8 of Documentary History of the State of Maine. 7. Portland, Maine: Collections of the Maine Historical Society, 2nd Series. pp. 311, 314.

• Parry, Clive (Editor) (1969–1981). Consolidated Treaty Series; 231 Volumes. 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. p. 231.

• Fernow, B., Editor (1853–1887). Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York; Volumes 12–15. Albany, New York. pp. 507–508.

• Parry, Clive (Editor) (1969–1981). Consolidated Treaty Series; 231 Volumes. 13. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. p. 136.

• Fernow, B., Editor (1853–1887). Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York; Volumes 12–15. 12. Albany, New York. p. 515.

• Armstrong, Edward; Editor (1860). Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681. Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Volume 7. pp. 119, 198.

• Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania-1681. This charter, granted by Charles II (England) to William Penn, constituted him and his heirs proprietors of the province, which, in honor of his father, Admiral William Penn, (whose cash advances and services were thus requited,) was called Pennsylvania. To perfect his title, William Penn purchased, on 1682-08-24, a quit-claim from the Duke of York to the lands west of the Delaware River embraced in his patent of 1664

• Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Governors, ed. (1916). "Samuel Carpenter". Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Governors, Volume 1. pp. 180–181.

• "Measuring Worth". Measuring Worth. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Quakers and the political process". Pym.org. March 28, 2006. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Wales on Britannia: Facts About Wales & the Welsh". Britannia.com. Retrieved September 16, 2013.

• Armstrong, Edward; Editor (1860). Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681. 7. Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. p. 196.

• Swindler, William F., Editor (1973–1979). Sources and Documents of United States Constitutions. 10 Volumes. 8. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications. p. 243.

• David Yount (2007). "How the Quakers invented America". Rowman & Littlefield. p.82. ISBN 0-7425-5833-9

• Sydney G. Fisher (2009). "The Quaker Colonies". Echo Library. p.13 ISBN 1-4068-5110-8

• Hamilton, Alexander and Syrett, Harold C. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 1963, page 240.

• "An account of the remarkable occurrences in the life and travels of Colonel James Smith (Late a citizen of Bourbon County, Kentucky) : during his captivity with the Indians, in the years 1755,'56, '57, '58, & '59". Internet Archive.

• "Library of Congress timeline 1764–1765". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Dickinson Letters". 18thcenturyreadingroom.blogspot.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Library of Congress timeline 1773–1774". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Library of Congress: Primary documents – The Declaration of Independence". Loc.gov. July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Nine Capitals of the United States". Senate.gov. March 26, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Constitution FAQs". National Constitution Center. Retrieved June 19, 2016.

• "Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution of 1787". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution". A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved September 18, 2017.

• "Pennsylvania's Capitals". Legis.state.pa.us. Archived from the original on June 15, 2000. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "History of John Harris". Mrs. Carlyle C. Browne (descendant of Sarah Ann Harris, fifth daughter of Alfred Bingham Harris, and granddaughter of Elisha John Harris of the Mansion, Harrisburg PA, USA). 2001. Retrieved February 14, 2011.

• "James Buchanan White House biography". Whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Battle of Gettysburg". Archived from the original on January 14, 2009.

• "About the Area". Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 30 July 2018.

• "The National Forests of the United States" (PDF). Forest History Society. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

• "Tekko 2019". About Tekko. Retrieved February 21, 2019.

• "'They showed his photo, and my stomach just dropped': Neighbors recall synagogue massacre suspect as a loner". Washington Post. October 28, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2019.

• "QuickFacts Pennsylvania; UNITED STATES". 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2019.

• "American FactFinder – Results". Retrieved October 7, 2014.

• "Pennsylvania QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2012.

• "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "censusviewer.com". January 11, 2014. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014.

• 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data". Census.gov. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer. June 3, 2012.

• 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data – 2010 Census". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2011.

• "Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics" (PDF). Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu. March 9, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2016.

• "Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go – Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños". cuny.edu. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015.

• "Population and Population Centers by State – 2000". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2008.

• "Pennsylvania QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.

• "Pennsylvania Facts 2017" (PDF). Pennsylvania State Data Center Penn State Harrisburg. 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.

• Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov.

• "Thedailyjournal – Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs". usatoday.com.

• "Annual Estimates of the Population". Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov.

• "Pennsylvania: 2000" (PDF). Retrieved June 26, 2016.

• American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania" (PDF). Retrieved November 8, 2011.

• Resident Population Data. "Resident Population Data – 2010 Census". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

• "Statistics" (PDF). cdc.gov.

• "Statistics" (PDF). cdc.gov.

• "Statistics" (PDF). cdc.gov.

• "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 1, January 31, 2018" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-11.

• https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf

• "Pennsylvania". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2013.

• "Definition of "dutch"". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Religious composition of adults in Pennsylvania". Religious Landscape Study. The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.

• "Religious diversity in Pennsylvania". Archived from the original on February 20, 2007.

• Arouet, François-Marie ("Voltaire") (1733). Philosophic Letters. Republished in: Morley, John; Fleming, William F.; Smollett, Tobias, eds. (1901). The Works of Voltaire: A Contemporary Version. XXXIX: Short Studies on English and American Topics. New York: E. R. DuMont. p. 209. Retrieved August 4, 2015.

• "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report". www.thearda.com. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

• Webb Design Inc. "Amish Country | Ohio | Visitor Information". Visitamishcountry.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "A visit to Spring Valley Bruderhof". qcfamilytree.org. Retrieved May 25, 2017.

• Donald B. Kraybill and C. Nelson Hostetter: Anabaptist World USA, Scottdale, PA and Waterloo, Ontario, 2001, pages 200–201.

• "Friends General Conference States (2010) – QuickLists – The Association of Religion Data Archives". www.thearda.com.

• Gallup (February 4, 2016). "New Hampshire Now Least Religious State in U.S". Gallup, Inc. Retrieved February 11, 2018.

• "Regional Economic Accounts". Retrieved Jan 4, 2018.

• "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.

• "Appeals court races wrap up with focus on voter mobilization". Archived from the original on January 13, 2005.

• "Fortune 500". CNN. April 30, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Philadelphia stock exchange". Phlx.com. July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Ramos, Stephanie (October 25, 2002). "Wal-Mart tops Pa. list of largest private employers". Dailypennsylvanian.com. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania Top 50 Employers" (PDF). Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. March 28, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2011.

• "Pennsylvania Economy at a Glance". bls.gov. Retrieved Jan 4, 2018.

• "Pennsylvania GDP and Per-Capita GDP | Department of Numbers". www.deptofnumbers.com. Retrieved 2019-01-11.

• "Pennsylvania: real GDP growth 2000-2017 | Statistic". Statista. Retrieved 2019-01-11.

• "Notice: Data not available: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". data.bls.gov. Retrieved 2019-01-11.

• "Agricultural Census 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2008.

• "Pennylvania Wine facts". Pennsylvania Wine & Wineries. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. [citation needed]

• "What is PA Preferred? Just a pretty logo or a way to build a brand?". The Patriot-News. January 8, 2014.

• "Agribusiness". CIDEP – Investment Attraction & Business Leads Generation. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.

• [3] Archived November 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

• Barnes, Tom; Rotstein, Gary (February 4, 2009). "Rendell wants legal video poker". Post-gazette.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Rendell signs film production tax credit law". Philadelphia Business Journal. July 21, 2004.

• Jenkins Law Library. "23 Pennsylvania Law Weekly 324 (March 27, 2000)". Jenkinslaw.org. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania State Executive Offices", Ballotpedia, retrieved January 23rd, 2019.

• "Pennsylvania State Archives". Phmc.state.pa.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Officers of the Senate". Pennsylvania Senate. Retrieved January 23, 2019.

• "Officers of the House". Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Retrieved January 23, 2019.

• "Judicial districts". Aopc.org. Archived from the original on July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-3.

• Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-5.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-46.

• "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Pennsylvania". Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Archived from the original (XLS) on July 9, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2010.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-6.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 6-22.

• Title 302, Pennsylvania Code, Section 23.1–101.

• "Biggest US Cities By Population - Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania 2017 Populations. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2019.

• PRESS, ASSOCIATED. "Donald Trump becomes 1st Republican to win Pennsylvania since 1988". LancasterOnline. Retrieved November 13, 2016.

• "The facts on Pennsylvania's Tax Climate". Tax Foundation. Retrieved August 22, 2012.

• "Shale tax comes up dry for 3d year". Articles.philly.com. July 3, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.

• "Gov Rendell says all of Pennsylvania's transit agencies will get I-80 toll $s". TOLLROADSnews. January 6, 2010. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2011.

• "PA Department of Revenue Homepage". Pennsylvania Department of Revenue. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008.

• "Personal Income Tax". Portal.state.pa.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Local Income Tax Information". PA Department of Community & Economic Development. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Berkheimer". Berkheimer. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Keystone Collections Group". Keystone Collections Group. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Jordan Tax Service". Jordan Tax Service. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Department of Revenue". City of Philadelphia. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Taking a Closer Look at Government: Pennsylvania's Local Taxation "System"". issuespa.org. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

• "Pennsylvania's Members of Congress & Congressional District Map". Retrieved February 11, 2013.

• "Pennsylvania". America's Health Rankings 2013. United Health Foundation. Retrieved August 28, 2014.

• "Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE)". Retrieved December 4, 2009.

• "Cohort Graduation Rate". Pennsylvania Department of Education. Retrieved October 6, 2016.

• "National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)". Retrieved December 4, 2009.

• 'NCES.'

• [4] 'Pennsylvania Department of Education: Home Education and Private Tutoring. Retrieved on December 4, 2009.' Archived November 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

• "History of the School". pafa.org. Retrieved April 8, 2011.

• "About – University of the Sciences". usciences.edu. Retrieved April 8, 2011.

• http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/index.php?id%3D10_2_1. Retrieved September 13, 2006. Missing or empty |title= (help)[dead link]

• "Houdini Harry Houdini attractions magic Scranton Poconos Pocono birthday party show seance School Assembly Programs birthday". Houdini.org. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Reilly, P. (November 15, 2007). "Bear facts favor Pennsylvania State remains home to North America's biggest black bears". Intelligencer Journal. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2007.

• "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Fact Book", p. 7.

• "2010 Public Transportation Fact Book", p. 8.

• "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Fact Book", p. 10.

• Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center, p. 5-4.

• Santoni, Matthew (September 14, 2010). "Corps shuts Highland Park lock for two weeks of repairs". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Trib Total Media. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2010.

• "LITTLE LEAGUE CHRONOLOGY". LittleLeague.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.

• "X Games History – part 2". Skateboard.about.com. June 17, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Panther History – Pitt Football 2006" (PDF). Retrieved July 7, 2011.

• "Recognized National Championships by Team". Cfbdatawarehouse.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Helms Foundation NCAA Division I Champions". Rauzulusstreet.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "NCAA Division I Mens Basketball – NCAA Division I Champions". Rauzulusstreet.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pa. knack for snacks a Farm Show feature – Pittsburgh Tribune-Review". Pittsburghlive.com. January 11, 2008. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Chocolate Bunnies". The Southeast Missourian. April 1, 1996. Retrieved October 7, 2014 – via Google News Archive Search.

• "Directions to Asher's – About Asher's". Ashers.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.

• "Company History: Auntie Anne's Pretzels". Auntie Anne's. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2009.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 1-6

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 1-5

• Boeckel, Teresa. "It's official: The Eastern hellbender will become Pennsylvania's amphibian". The York Daily Record. Retrieved 2019-04-17.

• The Pennsylvania Manual, p. 1-7

• "PHMC: State Symbols". Archived from the original on May 4, 2009.

• "Lowell Tribune, March 26, 2002". Lowellpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Lancaster rifle". Archived from the original on April 3, 2015.

• "PHMC: Agriculture in Pennsylvania". Archived from the original on July 3, 2009.

• "Home" (PDF). Department of General Services. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009.

• Bill Samuel. "William Penn, Quaker". Quakerinfo.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Frame of Government". Yale.edu. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• Pennsylvania translates to "Penn's Woods" and was named after the father of William Penn, the founder of the colony. Digital History: Persecution of the Quakers Archived April 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

• "The Quaker Province 1681–1776". Archived from the original on June 1, 2009.

• "The State of Pennsylvania – An Introduction the Keystone State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.

• "Pennsylvania Matanzas". U.S.-Cuba Sister Cities Association. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2007.

        Industry Description

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	BS Business/Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Bachelor of Science in Business/Management is designed for the working adult who wants to acquire or build knowledge and skills essential for management in private and public organizations. The management major emphasizes performance systems, employment law, marketing and public relations, financial analysis, global business strategies, and quality management. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Philadelphia, PA ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	BS in Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: University of Phoenix Bachelor of Science in management (BSM) program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry for improving organizational effectiveness. The program concentrates on the development of general management roles to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. managers become prepared to apply professional skills and knowledge to focus on the future, manage innovation, and make decisions based on facts in a customer focused atmosphere. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Philadelphia, PA ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	Business Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Bachelor of Science in Business/Management is designed for the working adult who wants to acquire or build knowledge and skills essential for management in private and public organizations. The management major emphasizes performance systems, employment law, marketing and public relations, financial analysis, global business strategies, and quality management. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Pittsburgh, PA ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/MA	Management
School: University of Phoenix Program: University of Phoenix Bachelor of Science in management (BSM) program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry for improving organizational effectiveness. The program concentrates on the development of general management roles to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. managers become prepared to apply professional skills and knowledge to focus on the future, manage innovation, and make decisions based on facts in a customer focused atmosphere. :: Concentration: Management :: Campus    ::  Location: Pittsburgh, PA ::  more info

 

Industry Description

Pennsylvania Listing

A degree in Management will help you become an effective manager of both people and projects. The challenging curriculum was developed to provide you with the personal and professional skills needed to further an organization's goals and objectives.

The program is designed to develop professional knowledge and skills of general managers in their organization or professional industry for improving organizational effectiveness. The program concentrates on the development of general management roles to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. managers become prepared to apply professional skills and knowledge to focus on the future, manage innovation, and make decisions based on facts in a customer focused atmosphere.

top

Business Management Pennsylvania PA Sponsors

| Technical and Non-Technical Degrees | Chubb Institute | DeVry University | University of Phoenix | DeVry Keller University | College Searching

College Searching Sponsors

debt consolidation | University Online Degree | Home Remodeling | debt help | General Links |

about | contact | sitemap

College Searching and Online Degrees offer Associate, Bachelor, Masters and Ph.D. degrees in automotive, teaching, finance, internet technology, accounting, marketing, Business Management Pennsylvania PA, nursing, computer science, fashion and graphic design, and much more!