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:: Business Administration
A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in business administration or management. According to Kaplan business schools are "educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management". Such a school can also be known as school of management, school of business administration, or colloquially b-school or biz school. A business school teaches topics such as accounting, administration, strategy, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource management, management science, management information systems, international business, logistics, marketing, organizational psychology, organizational behavior, public relations, research methods and real estate among others.
There are several forms of business schools, including a school of business, business administration, and management.
- Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses (e.g. Mannheim Business School).
- In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees (e.g. Harvard Business School).
- In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses (e.g. Copenhagen Business School).
- Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university (e.g. WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management).
Kaplan classifies business schools along four Corners:
- Culture (Europe - US): Independent of their actual (physical) location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
- Compass (international/global – regional/local): Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/ global schools on one end and regional/ local schools on the other.
- Capital (public – private): Business schools can either be publicly (state) funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
- Content (teaching – research): Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.
Some business schools structure their teaching around the use of case studies (i.e. the case method). Case studies have been used in Graduate and Undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors influencing the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.
Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future. Three different methods have been used in business case teaching:
- Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
- Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
- A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations. This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.
In contrast to the case method some schools use a skills-based approach in teaching business. This approach emphasizes quantitative methods, in particular operations research, management information systems, statistics, organizational behavior, modeling and simulation, and decision science. The leading institution in this method is the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal is to provide students a set of tools that will prepare them to tackle and solve problems.
In addition to teaching students, many business schools run Executive Education programs. These may be either open programs or company-specific programs. Executives may also acquire an MBA title in an Executive MBA program within university of business or from top ranked business schools. Many business schools seek close co-operation with business.
Manitoba (/ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ (listen)) is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada. It is often considered one of the three prairie provinces (with Alberta and Saskatchewan) and is Canada's fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.3 million people. Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi) with a widely varied landscape, stretching from the northern oceanic coastline to the southern border with the United States. The province is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west, the territories of Nunavut to the north, and Northwest Territories to the northwest, and the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south.
Manitoba |
|
Motto(s):
Latin: Gloriosus et Liber
"Glorious and free"
"Glorieux et libre" ( French) |
MB
|
Country |
Canada |
Confederation |
15 July 1870 (5th) |
Capital |
Winnipeg |
Largest city |
Winnipeg |
Largest metro |
Winnipeg Capital Region |
Government
|
• Lieutenant Governor |
Janice Filmon |
• Premier |
Brian Pallister (Progressive Conservative) |
Legislature |
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba |
Federal representation |
(in Canadian Parliament) |
House seats |
14 of 338 (4.1%) |
Senate seats |
6 of 105 (5.7%) |
Area
|
• Total |
649,950 km2 (250,950 sq mi) |
• Land |
548,360 km2 (211,720 sq mi) |
• Water |
101,593 km2 (39,225 sq mi) 15.6% |
Area rank |
Ranked 8th |
|
6.5% of Canada |
Population
|
• Total |
1,278,365 [1] |
• Estimate
(2019 Q1) |
1,360,396 [2] |
• Rank |
Ranked 5th |
• Density |
2.33/km2 (6.0/sq mi) |
Demonym(s) |
Manitoban |
Official languages |
English[3] |
GDP
|
• Rank |
6th |
• Total (2015) |
C$65.862 billion[4] |
• Per capita |
C$50,820 (9th) |
Time zone |
Central: UTC–6, (DST −5) |
Postal abbr. |
MB |
Postal code prefix |
R |
ISO 3166 code |
CA-MB |
Flower |
Prairie crocus |
Tree |
White spruce |
Bird |
Great grey owl |
Website |
www.manitoba.ca |
Rankings include all provinces and territories |
Aboriginal peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years. In the late 17th century, fur traders arrived on two major river systems, what is now called the Nelson in northern Manitoba and in the southeast along the Winnipeg River system. A Royal Charter in 1670 granted all the lands draining into Hudson's Bay to the British company and they administered trade in what was then called Rupert's Land. During the next 200 years, communities continued to grow and evolve, with a significant settlement of Michif in what is now Winnipeg. The assertion of Métis identity and self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba. There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada, a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion aka Resistance. The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province.
Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Other census agglomerations in the province are Brandon, Steinbach, Portage la Prairie, and Thompson.
EtymologyEdit
The name Manitoba is believed to be derived from the Cree, Ojibwe or Assiniboine languages. The name derives from Cree manitou-wapow or Ojibwa manidoobaa, both meaning "straits of Manitou, the Great Spirit", a place referring to what are now called The Narrows in the centre of Lake Manitoba. It may also be from the Assiniboine for "Lake of the Prairie".[5]
The lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies. Thomas Spence chose the name to refer to a new republic he proposed for the area south of the lake. Métis leader Louis Riel also chose the name, and it was accepted in Ottawa under the Manitoba Act of 1870.[6]
GeographyEdit
Manitoba is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west, the territories of Nunavut to the north, and the US states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south. The province possibly meets the Northwest Territories at the four corners quadripoint to the extreme northwest, though surveys have not been completed and laws are unclear about the exact location of the Nunavut–NWT boundary. Manitoba adjoins Hudson Bay to the northeast, and is the only prairie province to have a saltwater coastline. The Port of Churchill is Canada's only Arctic deep-water port. Lake Winnipeg is the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Hudson Bay is the world's second-largest bay by area. Manitoba is at the heart of the giant Hudson Bay watershed, once known as Rupert's Land. It was a vital area of the Hudson's Bay Company, with many rivers and lakes that provided excellent opportunities for the lucrative fur trade.
Hydrography and terrainEdit
Relief map of Manitoba
The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes,[7] covering approximately 15.6 percent or 101,593 square kilometres (39,225 sq mi) of its surface area.[8] Manitoba's major lakes are Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Lake Winnipeg, the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world.[9] Some traditional Native lands and boreal forest on Lake Winnipeg's east side are a proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site.[10]
Manitoba is at the centre of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, with a high volume of the water draining into Lake Winnipeg and then north down the Nelson River into Hudson Bay. This basin's rivers reach far west to the mountains, far south into the United States, and east into Ontario. Major watercourses include the Red, Assiniboine, Nelson, Winnipeg, Hayes, Whiteshell and Churchill rivers. Most of Manitoba's inhabited south has developed in the prehistoric bed of Glacial Lake Agassiz. This region, particularly the Red River Valley, is flat and fertile; receding glaciers left hilly and rocky areas throughout the province.[11]
Baldy Mountain is the province's highest point at 832 metres (2,730 ft) above sea level,[12] and the Hudson Bay coast is the lowest at sea level. Riding Mountain, the Pembina Hills, Sandilands Provincial Forest, and the Canadian Shield are also upland regions. Much of the province's sparsely inhabited north and east lie on the irregular granite Canadian Shield, including Whiteshell, Atikaki, and Nopiming Provincial Parks.[13]
Extensive agriculture is found only in the province's southern areas, although there is grain farming in the Carrot Valley Region (near The Pas). The most common agricultural activity is cattle husbandry (34.6%), followed by assorted grains (19.0%) and oilseed (7.9%).[14] Around 12 percent of Canada's farmland is in Manitoba.[15]
Manitoba has a moderately strong economy based largely on natural resources. Its Gross Domestic Product was C$50.834 billion in 2008.[75] The province's economy grew 2.4 percent in 2008, the third consecutive year of growth; in 2009, it neither increased nor decreased.[76][77] The average individual income in Manitoba in 2006 was C$25,100 (compared to a national average of C$26,500), ranking fifth-highest among the provinces.[78] As of October 2009, Manitoba's unemployment rate was 5.8 percent.[79]
Manitoba's economy relies heavily on agriculture, tourism, energy, oil, mining, and forestry. Agriculture is vital and is found mostly in the southern half of the province, although grain farming occurs as far north as The Pas. Around 12 percent of Canadian farmland is in Manitoba.[15] The most common type of farm found in rural areas is cattle farming (34.6%),[14] followed by assorted grains (19.0%) and oilseed (7.9%).[14]
Manitoba is the nation's largest producer of sunflower seed and dry beans,[80] and one of the leading sources of potatoes. Portage la Prairie is a major potato processing centre, and is home to the McCain Foods and Simplot plants, which provide French fries for McDonald's, Wendy's, and other commercial restaurant chains.[81] Can-Oat Milling, one of the largest oat mills in the world, also has a plant in the municipality.[82]
Manitoba's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including crown corporations and services like hospitals and universities. Major private-sector employers are The Great-West Life Assurance Company, Cargill Ltd., and James Richardson and Sons Ltd.[83] Manitoba also has large manufacturing and tourism sectors. Churchill's Arctic wildlife is a major tourist attraction; the town is a world capital for polar bear and beluga whale watchers.[84] Manitoba is the only province with an Arctic deep-water seaport, at Churchill.[85]
In January 2018, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business claimed that Manitoba was the most improved province for tackling red tape.[86]
The first school in Manitoba was founded in 1818 by Roman Catholic missionaries in present-day Winnipeg; the first Protestant school was established in 1820.[115] A provincial board of education was established in 1871; it was responsible for public schools and curriculum, and represented both Catholics and Protestants. The Manitoba Schools Question led to funding for French Catholic schools largely being withdrawn in favour of the English Protestant majority.[116] Legislation making education compulsory for children between seven and fourteen was first enacted in 1916, and the leaving age was raised to sixteen in 1962.[117]
Public schools in Manitoba fall under the regulation of one of thirty-seven school divisions within the provincial education system (except for the Manitoba Band Operated Schools, which are administered by the federal government).[118] Public schools follow a provincially mandated curriculum in either French or English. There are sixty-five funded independent schools in Manitoba, including three boarding schools.[119] These schools must follow the Manitoban curriculum and meet other provincial requirements. There are forty-four non-funded independent schools, which are not required to meet those standards.[120]
There are five universities in Manitoba, regulated by the Ministry of Advanced Education and Literacy.[121] Four of these universities are in Winnipeg: the University of Manitoba, the largest and most comprehensive; the University of Winnipeg, a liberal arts school primarily focused on undergrad studies located downtown; Université de Saint-Boniface, the province's only French-language university; and the Canadian Mennonite University, a religious-based institution. The Université de Saint-Boniface, established in 1818 and now affiliated with the University of Manitoba, is the oldest university in Western Canada. Brandon University, formed in 1899 and located in Brandon, is the province's only university not in Winnipeg.[122]
Manitoba has thirty-eight public libraries; of these, twelve have French-language collections and eight have significant collections in other languages.[123] Twenty-one of these are part of the Winnipeg Public Library system. The first lending library in Manitoba was founded in 1848.[124]
- Natural Resources Canada. Manitoba [archived 4 June 2008; Retrieved 28 October 2009].
- Schwartz, Bryan; Cheung, Perry. East vs. West: Evaluating Manitoba Hydro's Options for a Hydro-Transmission Line from an International Law Perspective. Asper Review of International Business and Trade Law. 2007;7(4):4.
- Savage, Candace. Prairie: A Natural History. 2nd ed. Greystone Books; 2011. ISBN 978-1-55365-588-6. p. 52–53.
- Manitoba Parks Branch. Outdoor recreation master plan: Duck Mountain Provincial Park. Winnipeg: Manitoba Department of Tourism, Recreation and Cultural Affairs; 1973.
- Ritchie, JC. Post-Glacial Vegetation of Canada. Cambridge University Press; 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-54409-2. p. 25.
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- Oswald, Edward T.; Nokes, Frank H.. Field Guide to the Native Trees of Manitoba. Manitoba Conservation; 2016.
- Stirling, Ian; Guravich, Dan. Polar Bears. University of Michigan Press; 1998. ISBN 978-0-472-08108-0. p. 208.
- LeMaster, MP; Mason, RT. Annual and seasonal variation in the female sexual attractiveness pheromone of the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. In: Marchlewska-Koj, Anna; Lepri, John J; Müller-Schwarze, Dietland. Chemical signals in vertebrates. Vol. 9. Springer; 2001. ISBN 978-0-306-46682-3. p. 370.
- Ritchie, James AM; Brown, Frank; Brien, David. The Cultural Transmission of the Spirit of Turtle Mountain: A Centre for Peace and Trade for 10,000 Years. General Assembly and International Scientific Symposium. 2008;16:4–6.
- Flynn, Catherine; Syms, E Leigh. Manitoba's First Farmers. Manitoba History. Spring 1996;(31).
- Eames, Aled. Sir Thomas Button. In: Cook, Ramsay. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. online ed. Vol. 1. University of Toronto/Université Laval; 1979. p. 144–145.
- Simmons, Deidre. Keepers of the Record: The History of the Hudson's Bay Company Archives. McGill-Queen's University Press; 2009. ISBN 978-0-7735-3620-3. p. 19–23, 83–85, 115.
- Stewart, Lillian. York Factory National Historic Site. Manitoba History. Spring 1988;(15).
- Zoltvany, Yves F. Pierre Gaultier De Varennes et De La Vérendrye. In: Cook, Ramsay. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. online ed. Vol. 3. University of Toronto/Université Lava; 2015. p. 246–254.
- Gray, John Morgan. Thomas Douglas. In: Cook, Ramsay. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. online ed. Vol. 5. University of Toronto/Université Laval; 2015. p. 264–269.
- Martin, Joseph E. The 150th Anniversary of Seven Oaks. MHS Transactions. 1965;3(22).
- Sprague, DN. Canada and the Métis, 1869–1885. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press; 1988. ISBN 978-0-88920-964-0. p. 33–67, 89–129.
- Tough, Frank. As Their Natural Resources Fail: Native People and the Economic History of Northern Manitoba, 1870–1930. UBC Press; 1997. ISBN 978-0-7748-0571-1. p. 75–79.
- Kemp, Douglas. From Postage Stamp to Keystone. Manitoba Pageant. April 1956.
- Fletcher, Robert. The Language Problem in Manitoba's Schools. MHS Transactions. 1949;3(6).
- McLauchlin, Kenneth. 'Riding The Protestant Horse': The Manitoba Schools Question and Canadian Politics, 1890–1896. Historical Studies. 1986;53:39–52.
- Silicz, Michael. The heart of the continent?. The Manitoba. 10 September 2008. University of Manitoba.
- Morton, William L. Manitoba, a History. University of Toronto Press; 1957. p. 345–359.
- Conway, John Frederick. The West: The History of a Region in Confederation. 3rd ed. Lorimer; 2005. ISBN 978-1-55028-905-3. p. 63–64, 85–100.
- Bercuson, David J. Confrontation at Winnipeg: Labour, Industrial Relations, and the General Strike. McGill-Queen's University Press; 1990. ISBN 978-0-7735-0794-4. p. 173–176.
- Lederman, Peter R. Sedition in Winnipeg: An Examination of the Trials for Seditious Conspiracy Arising from the General Strike of 1919. Queen's Law Journal. 1976;3(2):5, 14–17.
- Easterbrook, William Thomas; Aitken, Hugh GJ. Canadian economic history. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1988. ISBN 978-0-8020-6696-1. p. 493–494.
- Wiseman, Nelson. Social democracy in Manitoba. University of Manitoba; 1983. ISBN 978-0-88755-118-5. p. 13.
- Newman, Michael. February 19, 1942: If Day. Manitoba History. Spring 1987;(13).
- Haque, C Emdad. Risk Assessment, Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood, Canada. Natural Hazards. May 2000;21(2):226–237. doi:10.1023/a:1008108208545.
- Hawkes, David C; Devine, Marina. Meech Lake and Elijah Harper: Native-State Relations in the 1990s. In: Abele, Frances. How Ottawa Spends, 1991–1992: The Politics of Fragmentation. McGill-Queen's University Press; 1991. ISBN 978-0-88629-146-4. p. 33–45.
- Janzen, L. Native population fastest growing in country. 13 March 2002:B4.
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- Shackley, Myra L. Wildlife tourism. International Thomson Business Press; 1996. ISBN 978-0-415-11539-1. p. xviii.
- Friesen, Gerald. The Canadian prairies: a history. University of Toronto Press; 1987. ISBN 978-0-8020-6648-0. p. 22–47, 66, 183–184.
- Morton, William L. Lord Selkirk Settlers. Manitoba Pageant. April 1962;7(3).
- Dupont, Jerry. The Common Law Abroad: Constitutional and Legal Legacy of the British Empire. Fred B Rothman & Co; 2000. ISBN 978-0-8377-3125-4. p. 139–142.
- Adams, Chris. Manitoba's Political Party Systems: An Historical Overview. Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association. 17 September 2006:2–23.
- Summers, Harrison Boyd. Unicameral Legislatures. Vol. 11. Wilson; 1936. OCLC 1036784. p. 9.
- Hogg, Peter W. Necessity in Manitoba: The Role of Courts in Formative or Crisis Periods. In: Shetreet, Shimon. The Role of Courts in Society. Aspen Publishing; 1988. ISBN 978-90-247-3670-6. p. 9.
- Government of Canada. Senators [archived 24 February 2010; Retrieved 12 November 2009].
- Brawn, Dale. The Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba, 1870–1950: A Biographical History. University of Toronto Press; 2006. ISBN 978-0-8020-9225-0. p. 16–20.
- Hebert, Raymond M. Manitoba's French-Language Crisis: A Cautionary Tale. McGill-Queen's University Press; 2005. ISBN 978-0-7735-2790-4. p. xiv–xvi, 11–12, 30, 67–69.
- In [1992] 1 S.C.R. 221–222 scc-csc.lexum.com Archived 20 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, the Supreme Court rejected the contentions of the Société Franco-manitobaine that §23 extends to executive functions of the executive branch.
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A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in business administration or management. According to Kaplan business schools are "educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management".[1] Such a school can also be known as school of management, school of business administration, or colloquially b-school or biz school. A business school teaches topics such as accounting, administration, strategy, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource management, management science, management information systems, international business, logistics, marketing, organizational psychology, organizational behavior, public relations, research methods and real estate among others.
There are several forms of business schools, including a school of business, business administration, and management.
- Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses (e.g. Mannheim Business School).
- In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees (e.g. Harvard Business School).
- In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses (e.g. Copenhagen Business School).
- Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university (e.g. WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management).
Kaplan classifies business schools along four Corners:[2]
- Culture (Europe - US): Independent of their actual (physical) location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
- Compass (international/global – regional/local): Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/ global schools on one end and regional/ local schools on the other.
- Capital (public – private): Business schools can either be publicly (state) funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
- Content (teaching – research): Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.
Common degrees are as follows.
BCom, BA, BS, BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration), BBus (Bachelor of Business), BSBA, BAcc, BABA, BBS, BMOS and BBusSc (Bachelor of Business Science)
- Master's Degrees: MBA, MBM, Master of Management, MAcc, MMR, MSMR, MPA, MISM, MSM, MHA, MSF, MSc, MST, MMS, EMBA and MCom. At Oxford and Cambridge business schools an MPhil or MSc, is awarded in place of an MA.
- Doctoral Degrees: Ph.D., DBA, DHA, DM, Doctor of Commerce (DCOM), PhD in Management or Business Doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy), Doctor of Professional Studies (DPS)
Some business schools structure their teaching around the use of case studies (i.e. the case method). Case studies have been used in Graduate and Undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors influencing the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.
Business schools often obtain case studies published by the Harvard Business School, INSEAD, London Business School, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario, the Darden School at the University of Virginia, IESE, other academic institutions, or case clearing houses (such as The Case Centre). Harvard's most popular case studies include Lincoln Electric Co.[44] and Google, Inc.[45]
Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future. Three different methods have been used in business case teaching:
- Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
- Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
- A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations.[46] This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.
In contrast to the case method some schools use a skills-based approach in teaching business. This approach emphasizes quantitative methods, in particular operations research, management information systems, statistics, organizational behavior, modeling and simulation, and decision science. The leading institution in this method is the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal is to provide students a set of tools that will prepare them to tackle and solve problems.
Another important approach used in business school is the use of business games that are used in different disciplines such as business, economics, management, etc. Some colleges are blending many of these approaches throughout their degree programs, and even blending the method of delivery for each of these approaches. A study from by Inside Higher Ed and the Babson Survey Research Group[48] shows that there is still disagreement as to the effectiveness of the approaches but the reach and accessibility is proving to be more and more appealing. Liberal arts colleges in the United States like New England College,[49] Wesleyan University,[50] and Bryn Mawr College are now offering complete online degrees in many business curriculae despite the controversy that surrounds the learning method.
There are also several business schools which still rely on the lecture method to give students a basic business education. Lectures are generally given from the professor's point of view, and rarely require interaction from the students unless notetaking is required. Lecture as a method of teaching in business schools has been criticized by experts for reducing the incentive and individualism in the learning experience.[51]
- "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010.
- "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010.
- "Andreas Kaplan: European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal. 32: 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006.
- "Wharton History". The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
- Kaplan, Andreas M (2014). "European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal. 32: 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006.
- Yumlembam, Dayananda. "MICA innovation to help Harvard business school sharpen teaching tools". Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 9 November 2015. When Harvard Business School was started, its faculty members realized that there were no textbooks suitable to a graduate program in business. That was when they decided to use case studies which are detailed accounts of innovative methods and practices that managers follow.
Choudaha, Rahul (September 19, 2017). "Accelerating Global Engagement With Collaboration and Innovation". AACSB International.
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Herzing College
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Administration Degrees
Winnepeg Manitoba Listing
The degree in Business/Administration program is designed for the working adult employed in a business or public organization. The major is designed to enable graduates to deal effectively with an increasingly complex business environment. The major stresses skill development in the areas of financial accounting, managerial finance, quantitative analysis, economics, marketing, and business-based research.
Business organizations today are seeking professionals with broad-based knowledge of modern business theory and practices and their interrelationships to meet the challenges of operating in a global electronic marketplace. Advanced computer technology is driving employers to look for graduates who can effectively apply technology to business strategy, management and decision-making.
You may select from different majors, including
- Accounting
- Business Information Systems
- E-Commerce
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