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:: General Business Courses

A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in business administration or management. According to Kaplan business schools are "educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management".[1] Such a school can also be known as school of management, school of business administration, or colloquially b-school or biz school. A business school teaches topics such as accounting, administration, strategy, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource management, management science, management information systems, international business, logistics, marketing, organizational psychology, organizational behavior, public relations, research methods and real estate among others.

There are several forms of business schools, including a school of business, business administration, and management.

1. Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses (e.g. Mannheim Business School).
2. In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees (e.g. Harvard Business School).
3. In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses (e.g. Copenhagen Business School).
4. Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university (e.g. WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management).

Kaplan classifies business schools along four Corners:[2]

1. Culture (Europe - US): Independent of their actual (physical) location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
2. Compass (international/global – regional/local): Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/ global schools on one end and regional/ local schools on the other.
3. Capital (public – private): Business schools can either be publicly (state) funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
4. Content (teaching – research): Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.

Common degrees are as follows.

• Associate's degree: AA, AAB, ABA, AS
• Bachelor's Degrees:

BCom, BA, BS, BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration), BBus (Bachelor of Business), BSBA, BAcc, BABA, BBS, BMOS and BBusSc (Bachelor of Business Science)

• Master's Degrees: MBA, MBM, Master of Management, MAcc, MMR, MSMR, MPA, MISM, MSM, MHA, MSF, MSc, MST, MMS, EMBA and MCom. At Oxford and Cambridge business schools an MPhil or MSc, is awarded in place of an MA.
• Doctoral Degrees: Ph.D., DBA, DHA, DM, Doctor of Commerce (DCOM), PhD in Management or Business Doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy), Doctor of Professional Studies (DPS)

Some business schools structure their teaching around the use of case studies (i.e. the case method). Case studies have been used in Graduate and Undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors influencing the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.

Business schools often obtain case studies published by the Harvard Business School, INSEAD, London Business School, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario, the Darden School at the University of Virginia, IESE, other academic institutions, or case clearing houses (such as The Case Centre). Harvard's most popular case studies include Lincoln Electric Co.[44] and Google, Inc.[45]

Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future. Three different methods have been used in business case teaching:

1. Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
2. Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
3. A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations.[46] This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.

In contrast to the case method some schools use a skills-based approach in teaching business. This approach emphasizes quantitative methods, in particular operations research, management information systems, statistics, organizational behavior, modeling and simulation, and decision science. The leading institution in this method is the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal is to provide students a set of tools that will prepare them to tackle and solve problems.

Another important approach used in business school is the use of business games that are used in different disciplines such as business, economics, management, etc. Some colleges are blending many of these approaches throughout their degree programs, and even blending the method of delivery for each of these approaches. A study from by Inside Higher Ed and the Babson Survey Research Group[48] shows that there is still disagreement as to the effectiveness of the approaches but the reach and accessibility is proving to be more and more appealing. Liberal arts colleges in the United States like New England College,[49] Wesleyan University,[50] and Bryn Mawr College are now offering complete online degrees in many business curriculae despite the controversy that surrounds the learning method.

There are also several business schools which still rely on the lecture method to give students a basic business education. Lectures are generally given from the professor's point of view, and rarely require interaction from the students unless notetaking is required. Lecture as a method of teaching in business schools has been criticized by experts for reducing the incentive and individualism in the learning experience.[51]

• "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010.

• "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010.

• Rodrigues, Lúcia Lima. "Aula do Comércio (1759-1844): Primeiro Estabelecimento Governamental de Ensino de Contabilidade" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

• Rodrigues, Lúcia Lima. "Aula do Comércio (1759-1844): Primeiro Estabelecimento Governamental de Ensino de Contabilidade" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

• "Business Schools and business programs - Graduate International".

• "Andreas Kaplan: European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal. 32: 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006.

• "Focus On - Generation Europe Foundation - Career Guidance (page 5)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-17.

• "Business Schools and business programs - Graduate International".

• "ESCP EUROPE - Torino". TopUniversities. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• Warsaw Campus - escpeurope.eu

• Mansoor Iqbal (2 December 2015). "The 10 Top European Business Schools According to International Recruiters". TopMBA. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "The University of Antwerp, Belgium". TheCompleteUniversity. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "BBS History".

• Ginibrière, Gaëlle (14 May 2013). "Business Schools: Rouen and Reims unite to view larger". Lefigaro (in French). Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Wharton History". The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2012-06-03.

• "Haas School of Business". Haas School of Business. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

• "History of Haas". Haas School of Business. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

• "Chicago Booth School of Business". Chicago Booth School of Business. Retrieved 2 Dec 2014.

• "HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management". Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-12-19.

• "Definition: Betriebswirtschaftlehre (BWL)" (in German). Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon. Retrieved 10 June 2012.

• Tuck School of Business | History. Tuck.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.

• "Birmingham Business School". The Independent. London. 2010-12-12.

• History | Desautels. mcgill.ca

• "History of the School". SGH. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

• "1908-1917 | Kellogg School of Management | Northwestern University". www.kellogg.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-20.

• "History of the MBA MBA Friday Facts". www.topmba.com.

• Kaplan, Andreas M (2014). "European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal. 32: 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006.

• "HANKEN Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration". Helsinki. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2018-12-19.

• "Kelley School of Business History".

• "Chicago Booth History". Chicago Booth School of Business. Retrieved 19 Jan 2017.

• "The growth and development of NHH". www.nhh.no. Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-01.

• Gonzales, Angela (2007-02-05). "Thunderbird school changes name as it seizes new opportunities – Phoenix Business Journal". Phoenix.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Thunderbird history showcased through Arizona Memory Project – Thunderbird School of Global Management". Thunderbird.edu. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Wits Business School". MBA.co.za. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Gordon Institute of Business Science". GIBS. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• XLRI- Xavier School of Management

• Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management

• "History - Faculty of Management Studies". fms.edu.

• "Institute of Business Administration - Karachi". iba.edu.pk.

• "IEDC – Bled School of Management". The Independent. London. 2010-12-21.

• "Charmed by China". Business Because. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "The Denver MBA".

• "Lincoln Electric Co". Harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Google Inc". Harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Chapter 1.2. A Model for Strategic Planning, Analyzing Cases and Decision Making". Mbatoolbox.org. 2006-02-22. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• Yumlembam, Dayananda. "MICA innovation to help Harvard business school sharpen teaching tools". Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 9 November 2015. When Harvard Business School was started, its faculty members realized that there were no textbooks suitable to a graduate program in business. That was when they decided to use case studies which are detailed accounts of innovative methods and practices that managers follow.

• Kolowich, Steve (29 June 2012). "Online Learning and Liberal Arts Colleges". Inside Highered. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Bisk Education". bisk.com.

• "Liberal arts college explore uses of 'blended' online learning - InsideHigherEd.com". insidehighered.com.

• J. Scott Armstrong (2012). "Natural Learning in Higher Education". Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning.

• Schreuder, Hein, Jeannet, Jean-Pierre. From Coal to Biotech The Transformation of DSM with Business School Support. ISBN 9783662462997. Retrieved 9 February 2017.

• "Which MBA?". Economist. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Eduniversal Rating: Palmes Of Excellence". Eduniversal Ranking. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Best Undergraduate Business Programs | Rankings | US News". Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. Archived from the original on 2009-08-26. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Best Business School Rankings | MBA Program Rankings | US News". Grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Business school rankings from the Financial Times - Global MBA Rankings 2012". Rankings.ft.com. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Business Schools". Businessweek. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Business Schools - MBA Rankings and Executive Education Programs - Wsj.com". Online.wsj.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "From Best Business School to Best MBA Fit for You". Best Match. Retrieved 2014-05-01.

• J. Scott Armstrong (1994). "Learning versus Teaching: Reply to Commentaries" (PDF). Interfaces. 24: 39–43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-27. Retrieved 2012-02-06.

• "Business School Prestige – Research versus Teaching" (PDF). Journal of Marketing. American Marketing Association. 59: 101–106. 1995. [permanent dead link]

• J. Scott Armstrong and Tad Sperry (1994). "Book Reviewed: Peter Robinson, Snapshots from Hell, New York: Warner Books, 1994" (PDF). Interfaces. 24: 13–43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-20.

In the United States, a certificate may be offered by an institute of higher education. These certificates usually signify that a student has reached a standard of knowledge about a certain vocational or professional subject. Certificate programs can be completed more quickly than associate degrees and often do not have general education requirements. Undergraduate certificates represent completion of a specific program offered in coordination with a bachelors degree. Graduate certificates represent completion of studies beyond the bachelor's degree, yet short of a masters degree.

In the State of Maryland, a Certificate of Merit was, until recently, issued to graduating high-school seniors who met certain academic requirements (such as completion of advanced courses and a cumulative GPA of 3.00); the statewide certificate has since been replaced by "endorsements" defined by each local school system.[3]

It also may be awarded as a necessary certification to validate that a student is considered competent in a certain specific networking skill area in information technology. Thus a computer engineer or computer science graduation most likely will have to obtain additional certificates on and pertaining to the specific technologies or equipment used by the hiring corporation; if not, such employer may suffer unwanted penalties like foregoing (voiding the contract) the protections of a certain level of customer service or warranties.

A certification is a third-party attestation of an individual's level of knowledge or proficiency in a certain industry or profession. They are granted by authorities in the field, such as professional societies and universities, or by private certificate-granting agencies. Most certifications are time-limited; some expire after a period of time (e.g., the lifetime of a product that required certification for use), while others can be renewed indefinitely as long as certain requirements are met. Renewal usually requires ongoing education to remain up-to-date on advancements in the field, evidenced by earning the specified number of continuing education credits (CECs), or continuing education units (CEUs), from approved professional development courses.

Many certification programs are affiliated with professional associations, trade organizations, or private vendors interested in raising industry standards. Certificate programs are often created or endorsed by professional associations, but are typically completely independent from membership organizations. Certifications are very common in fields such as aviation, construction, technology, environment, and other industrial sectors, as well as healthcare, business, real estate, and finance.

According to The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs (1997) by Phillip Barnhart, "certifications are portable, since they do not depend on one company's definition of a certain job" and they provide protential employers with "an impartial, third-party endorsement of an individual's professional knowledge and experience".[1]

Certification is different from professional licensure. In the United States, licenses are typically issued by state agencies, whereas certifications are usually awarded by professional societies or educational institutes. Obtaining a certificate is voluntary in some fields, but in others, certification from a government-accredited agency may be legally required to perform certain jobs or tasks. In other countries, licenses are typically granted by professional societies or universities and require a certificate after about three to five years and so on thereafter. The assessment process for certification may be more comprehensive than that of licensure, though sometimes the assessment process is very similar or even the same, despite differing in terms of legal status.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines the standard for being a certifying agency as meeting the following two requirements:

1. Delivering an assessment based on industry knowledge that is independent from training courses or course providers
2. Granting a time-limited credential to anyone who meets the assessment standards

The Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE) is a U.S.-based organization that sets standards for the accreditation of personnel certification and certificate programs based on the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, a joint publication of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Many members of the Association of Test Publishers (ATP) are also certification organizations.

• Phillip Barnhart, The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs (1997), HRD Press. ISBN 0-8493-9960-2 Retrieved electronically 7 July 2009.

• Master of Professional Studies in Real Estate. "Advanced Professional Certificate in Real Estate | Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies". Scs.georgetown.edu. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.

• "Certificate Programs". lesley.edu.

Industry Description Full Program Listing

Code	Concentration	More Info
	Business Program
School: California College San Diego Program: California College San Diego's Business programs are packed with useful knowledge and skills so that you can learn how to make it to the top without starting at the very bottom. We can also help you prepare for a variety of certifications*, including Microsoft, Oracle, Tax, Web Design, and more. Degree programs include: Business Programs AOS in E-Business Management and Accounting BS in Accounting BS in Business Administration BS in Health Care Administration * Certifications may require additional study and cost. :: Concentration: Business Schools :: Online        ::  Location: San Diego, California ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
	Certificate - E-Commerce Engineering
School: Regis University Program: The Certificate in E-Commerce Engineering is designed for students who wish to develop specific skills and knowledge in Portal Management Technology. The Oracle E-Commerce, Enterprise & Web/IP Programming Concentration is available online. :: Concentration: Business Schools :: Online        ::  Location: Online ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
	Administrative Support
School: Seacoast Career Schools Program: :: Concentration: Business Schools :: Online        ::  Location: Manchester, NH ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
BSGB	Certificate - Accounting Specialist
School: Sullivan University System Program: This program provides hands-on experience in applying fundamental accounting principles within a computerized environment. Graduates are prepared to work as staff accountants, payroll accountants, bookkeepers, billing/collections accountants, and financial accountants. :: Concentration: Business Schools :: Online        ::  Location: Louisville ::  more info  ::  Location: Lexington ::  more info  ::  Location: Fort Knox ::  more info

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Associates | Bachelors | Masters | Certificates | Home

Industry Description

There are a plethora of online Business schools offering good interesting courses for you to study. Some of these courses are specialized in particular areas of business and management, for instance business information systems, international business or business strategy, and some of them give a good general education in the disciplines that are used to build a successful business.

Business courses can be offered at any level – one year diploma, associate’s bachelor’s or master’s degree, MBA or even a research degree or a graduate diploma. You need to choose your course according to the level of entry you need to your career, and to what qualifications you already have. Obviously, the higher the end qualification, the more likely you are to achieve a good start position in your career. Many people study an MBA during their working lives in order to be able to better their career prospects, and to acquire skills and knowledge that are immediately applicable to their jobs.

Studying online is a great way of combining work and study, as you do not need to attend campus on a regular basis, and can choose the times and places that you study. You simply need access to a PC and a connection with the Internet, and you can download your course materials and lectures, and communicate with staff and fellow students by email and telephone.

Online Business courses help to give you the career that you know that you can achieve, so you need to take a look at the courses available, and make your choice. You can take the step you need to your future success.

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