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In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as "undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations .... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users."

In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems". The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are maintained, upgraded and replaced.

The business value of information technology lies in the automation of business processes, provision of information for decision making, connecting businesses with their customers, and the provision of productivity tools to increase efficiency.

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data,[1] or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications system or, more specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited group of users.

Electronic system level (ESL) design and verification is an electronic design methodology, focused on higher abstraction level concerns. The term Electronic System Level or ESL Design was first defined by Gartner Dataquest, an EDA-industry-analysis firm, on February 1, 2001. It is defined in ESL Design and Verification as: "the utilization of appropriate abstractions in order to increase comprehension about a system, and to enhance the probability of a successful implementation of functionality in a cost-effective manner."

The basic premise is to model the behavior of the entire system using a high-level language such as C, C++, or using graphical "model-based" design tools. Newer languages are emerging that enable the creation of a model at a higher level of abstraction including general purpose system design languages like SysML as well as those that are specific to embedded system design like SMDL and SSDL. Rapid and correct-by-construction implementation of the system can be automated using EDA tools such as high-level synthesis and embedded software tools, although much of it is performed manually today. ESL can also be accomplished through the use of SystemC as an abstract modeling language.

Electronic System Level is an established approach at many of the world’s leading System-on-a-chip (SoC) design companies, and is being used increasingly in system design. From its genesis as an algorithm modeling methodology with ‘no links to implementation’, ESL is evolving into a set of complementary methodologies that enable embedded system design, verification, and debugging through to the hardware and software implementation of custom SoC, system-on-FPGA, system-on board, and entire multi-board systems.

Design and verification are two distinct disciplines within this methodology. Some practices are to keep the two elements separate, while others advocate for closer integration between design and verification.

Virginia (/vərˈdʒɪniə/ (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern[5] and Mid-Atlantic[6] regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America[7] and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2018 is over 8.5 million.[8]

The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.[9]

The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World.[10] The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008.[11] It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.

Commonwealth of Virginia
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): "Old Dominion", "Mother of Presidents and the Mother of Statesmen"
Motto(s): Sic semper tyrannis (English: Thus Always to Tyrants)[1]
State song(s): "Our Great Virginia"
Official language	English
Spoken languages	English 86%, Spanish 6% Other 8%
Demonym	Virginian
Capital	Richmond
Largest city	Virginia Beach
Largest metro	Baltimore-Washington Metro Area
Area	Ranked 35th
• Total	42,774.2 sq mi (110,785.67 km2)
• Width	200 miles (320 km)
• Length	430 miles (690 km)
• % water	7.4
• Latitude	36° 32′ N to 39° 28′ N
• Longitude	75° 15′ W to 83° 41′ W
Population	Ranked 12th
• Total	8,517,685 (2018)
• Density	206.7/sq mi  (79.8/km2) Ranked 14th
• Median household income	$71,535[2] (10th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Mount Rogers[3][4] 5,729 ft (1746 m)
• Mean	950 ft  (290 m)
• Lowest point	Atlantic Ocean[3] Sea level
Before statehood	Colony of Virginia
Admitted to the Union	June 25, 1788 (10th)
Governor	Ralph Northam (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Justin Fairfax (D)
Legislature	General Assembly
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Delegates
U.S. Senators	Mark Warner (D) Tim Kaine (D)
U.S. House delegation	7 Democrats 4 Republicans (list)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166	US-VA
Abbreviations	VA, Va.
Website	www.virginia.gov

Virginia is an employment-at-will state;[160] its economy has diverse sources of income, including local and federal government, military, farming and business. Virginia has 4.1 million civilian workers, and one-third of the jobs are in the service sector.[161][162] The unemployment rate in Virginia as of 2018 is 2.9%, which is below the national average.[163] The second fastest job growth town in the nation is Leesburg, as of 2011.[164] The Gross Domestic Product of Virginia was over $510 billion in 2017.[165] According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Virginia had the most counties in the top 100 wealthiest in the United States at sixteen counties based upon median income in 2007.[166] Northern Virginia is the highest-income region in Virginia, having six of the twenty highest-income counties in the United States, including the two highest as of 2008.[167] According to CNN Money Magazine the highest-income town in the nation is Great Falls, as of 2011.[168] According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Virginia had the seventh-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.64%.[169]

Virginia's educational system consistently ranks in the top five states on the U.S. Department of Education's National Assessment of Educational Progress, with Virginia students outperforming the average in all subject areas and grade levels tested.[236] The 2018 Quality Counts report ranked Virginia's K–12 education tenth best in the country.[237] All school divisions must adhere to educational standards set forth by the Virginia Department of Education, which maintains an assessment and accreditation regime known as the Standards of Learning to ensure accountability.[238] In 2018, 91.6% of high school students graduated on-time after four years, and increase of two percent from 2013.[239]

Public K–12 schools in Virginia are generally operated by the counties and cities, and not by the state. As off the 2018–19 academic year, a total of 1,290,576 students were enrolled in 2,293 local and regional schools in the Commonwealth, including eight charter schools, and an additional 98 alternative and special education centers across 133 school divisions.[240][241] 2018 marked the first decline in overall enrollment in public schools, by just over 2,000 students, since 1984.[242] Besides the general public schools in Virginia, there are Governor's Schools and selective magnet schools. The Governor's Schools are a collection of more than 40 regional high schools and summer programs intended for gifted students.[243] The Virginia Council for Private Education oversees the regulation of 483 state accredited private schools.[244] An additional 17,283 students receive homeschooling.[245]

As of 2019, there are 169 colleges and universities in Virginia.[246] In the 2019 U.S. News & World Report ranking of national public universities, the University of Virginia is ranked No. 3, the College of William and Mary is No. 10, Virginia Tech is No. 30, George Mason University is No. 67, and Virginia Commonwealth University is No. 80.[247] Virginia Commonwealth is also ranked the No. 2 public graduate school in fine arts, while James Madison University is ranked the No. 6 regional university in The South.[248][249] The Virginia Military Institute is the oldest state military college.[250] Virginia State University and Virginia Tech are the state's land-grant universities. Virginia also operates 23 community colleges on 40 campuses serving over 225,000 credit students and around 175,000 non-credit students as of 2017.[251] There are 124 private institutions in the state, including nationally ranked liberal arts colleges Washington and Lee University at No. 11, the University of Richmond at No. 25, and the Virginia Military Institute at No. 81.[246][252] As of 2018, Liberty University had the largest enrollment, with 88,283 online students and 15,105 on-campus students in Lynchburg.[253]

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        School Description

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/ES	Computer Engineering Technology (CET)
School: DeVry University Program: Computer engineering technologists take a hands-on approach to designing and implementing computer systems or other digital subsystems, software and interfaces to link computers to other physical systems. They design software systems, create codes and protocols, test and evaluate hardware and software products and processes, and diagnose and solve problems. Computers and networks are leading technologies driving engineering job markets; thus, graduates with competencies in software development as well as sound knowledge of hardware and engineering processes are in high demand. To this end, DeVry's Computer Engineering Technology (CET) program integrates coursework in hardware and software technologies crucial to professional success. Graduates are proficient in creating programs that involve development, modification and application of software codes and protocols. * In New York, Computer Technology :: Concentration: Electronic Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Crystal City (Arlington), VA ::  more info

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AA/ES	Electronics and Computer Technology (ECT)
School: DeVry University Program: Electronics is the driving force that has dramatically transformed the modern world. Analyzing, troubleshooting, installing and maintaining the electronic systems and equipment that power our personal and professional lives require the expertise of electronics professionals with a wide range of skills and capabilities. Clearly, these experts play a critical role in keeping our fast-paced world in motion. As these technical systems become more pervasive and integral to our lives, the expertise of the electronics and computer technologist is increasingly vital. To this end, DeVry based its program on fundamentals of the technology driving today's systems, including telecommunications, networks, wireless, computers, controls and instruments. Graduates have a broad knowledge base that qualifies them for challenging career-entry positions in the dynamic electronics and computer fields. :: Concentration: Electronic Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Crystal City (Arlington), VA ::  more info

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CA/ES	Electronics Engineering Technology (EET)
School: DeVry University Program: Electronics specialists are at the heart of rapidly evolving technology, applying their expertise in diverse areas such as semiconductor chip manufacturing, telecommunications, wireless, computer networking, the internet, transportation, entertainment, medicine and space exploration. Global competition and the unparalleled speed at which new products are developed have greatly increased the need for highly productive and adaptive engineering technologists. The EE program is composed of coursework in communication skills, humanities, social sciences, personal and professional development, mathematics and science, analysis and design of electrical and electronic circuits and systems, digital and microprocessor systems, electronic communications and controls, computer programming, and senior project design and development. ** In New York, Electronics Technology :: Concentration: Electronic Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Crystal City (Arlington), VA ::  more info

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CA/ES	PC Programming
School: The Chubb Institute and Banner Institute Program: The Chubb Institute and Banner Institute's (Not affiliated with the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies) Personal Computer programs can train you in some of the most widely used computer applications and techniques, helping you obtain the technical skills you need for a successful future. The objective of our programs is to develop entry-level administrative and office support personnel who possess: The skills necessary to perform in a modern computerized office; The PC knowledge required for professional growth; The professional office skills that employers expect; The ability to present themselves effectively to prospective employers. :: Concentration: Electronic Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Reston, VA ::  more info

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CA/ES	Gibbs School - Business Programs: Microcomputer Specialist Program
School: Gibbs College Program: Students interested in computer applications and management are encouraged to enroll in the Microcomputer Specialist Program. The widespread use of computers in today's business world enables qualified personnel to utilize numeric data for budgeting, forecasting, and preparing financial projections. Students are introduced to graphics for presentations and for the electronic transmittal of information. :: Concentration: Electronic Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: Vienna, VA ::  more info

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electronic systems

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The program in Electronics Engineering Technology is designed to prepare you with skills necessary to advance into management opportunities in a technical field.

The combination of management and general education courses in the program helps you apply skills in generate management, critical thinking, logic, communication, and problem solving to management challenges in a technical environment.

The program helps prepares you for supervisory roles in the Electronics industry.

The program will teach you to:

• Describe computer network concepts and implement common network operating systems and topologies.
• Write computer programs using C++ programming language.
• Conduct circuit analysis.
• Develop control systems to control industrial processes using sensors, controllers and control loops.
• Operate and calibrate commonly used test equipment such as oscilloscopes, multimeters and function generators.

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