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:: Master of Business Administration (MBA)

A master's degree[note 1] (from Latin magister) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.[1] A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

• Postgraduate/graduate master's degrees (MA/M.A./A.M., MPhil/M.Phil., MSc/M.S./SM, MBA/M.B.A., LLM/LL.M., etc.) are the traditional formal form of master's degree, where the student already holds an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree on entry. Courses normally last one year in the UK and two years in the US.[47][48]
• Integrated master's degrees (MChem, MEng, MMath, MPharm, MPhys, MPsych, MSci, etc.) are UK degrees that combine an undergraduate bachelor's degree course with an extra year at master's level (i.e. a total of four years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and five years in Scotland). A 2011 survey of UK Higher Education Institutes found that 64% offered integrated master's course, mostly in STEM disciplines, with the most common degrees being MEng, MSci and MChem. 82% of respondents conferred only a master's degree for the course, while 9% conferred a bachelor's degree at the end of the bachelor's-level stage and a master's degree at the end of the course and a further 9% conferred both bachelor's and master's degrees at the end of the course.[56][57]

The UK Quality Assurance Agency defines three categories of Master's degrees:[59]

• Research master's degrees are primarily research based, although may contain taught elements, particularly on research methods. Examples are the MLitt (usually, but not always a research degree), the Master's by Research, and the MPhil. The Master's by Research (MbyRes, ResM), which is a research degree, is distinct from the Master of Research (MRes), which is a taught degree concentrating on research methods.[60]
• Specialised or advanced study master's degrees are primarily taught degrees, although commonly at least a third of the course is devoted to a research project assessed by dissertation. These may be stand-alone master's courses, leading to, e.g., MSc, MA or MRes degrees, or integrated master's degrees.
• Professional or practice master's degrees (see also professional degree) are designed to prepare students for a particular professional career and are primarily taught, although they may include work placements and independent study projects. Some may require professional experience for entry. Examples include MBA, MDiv, LLM and MSW as well as some integrated master's degrees. The name of the degree normally includes the subject name.

The United States Department of Education classifies master's degrees as research or professional. Research master's degrees in the US (e.g., M.A./A.M. or M.S.) require the completion of taught courses and examinations in a major and one or more minor subjects, as well as (normally) a research thesis. Professional master's degrees may be structured like research master's (e.g., M.E./M.Eng.) or may concentrate on a specific discipline (e.g., M.B.A.) and often substitute a project for the thesis.[48]

Master's programs in the US and Canada are normally two years in length. In some fields/programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but a master's may be granted along the way as an intermediate qualification if the student petitions for it.[48] Some universities offer evening options so that students can work during the day and earn a master's degree in the evenings.[63]

Admission to a master's degree normally requires successful completion of study at bachelor's degree level either (for postgraduate degrees) as a stand-alone degree or (for integrated degrees) as part of an integrated scheme of study. In countries where the bachelor's degree with honours is the standard undergraduate degree, this is often the normal entry qualification.[59][72] In addition, students will normally have to write a personal statement and, in the arts and humanities, will often have to submit a portfolio of work.[73]

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A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in business administration or management. According to Kaplan business schools are "educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management".[1] Such a school can also be known as school of management, school of business administration, or colloquially b-school or biz school. A business school teaches topics such as accounting, administration, strategy, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource management, management science, management information systems, international business, logistics, marketing, organizational psychology, organizational behavior, public relations, research methods and real estate among others.

There are several forms of business schools, including a school of business, business administration, and management.

1. Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses (e.g. Mannheim Business School).
2. In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees (e.g. Harvard Business School).
3. In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses (e.g. Copenhagen Business School).
4. Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university (e.g. WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management).

Kaplan classifies business schools along four Corners:[2]

1. Culture (Europe - US): Independent of their actual (physical) location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
2. Compass (international/global – regional/local): Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/ global schools on one end and regional/ local schools on the other.
3. Capital (public – private): Business schools can either be publicly (state) funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
4. Content (teaching – research): Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.

Common degrees are as follows.

• Associate's degree: AA, AAB, ABA, AS
• Bachelor's Degrees:

BCom, BA, BS, BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration), BBus (Bachelor of Business), BSBA, BAcc, BABA, BBS, BMOS and BBusSc (Bachelor of Business Science)

• Master's Degrees: MBA, MBM, Master of Management, MAcc, MMR, MSMR, MPA, MISM, MSM, MHA, MSF, MSc, MST, MMS, EMBA and MCom. At Oxford and Cambridge business schools an MPhil or MSc, is awarded in place of an MA.
• Doctoral Degrees: Ph.D., DBA, DHA, DM, Doctor of Commerce (DCOM), PhD in Management or Business Doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy), Doctor of Professional Studies (DPS)

Some business schools structure their teaching around the use of case studies (i.e. the case method). Case studies have been used in Graduate and Undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors influencing the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.

Business schools often obtain case studies published by the Harvard Business School, INSEAD, London Business School, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario, the Darden School at the University of Virginia, IESE, other academic institutions, or case clearing houses (such as The Case Centre). Harvard's most popular case studies include Lincoln Electric Co.[44] and Google, Inc.[45]

Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future. Three different methods have been used in business case teaching:

1. Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
2. Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
3. A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations.[46] This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.

In contrast to the case method some schools use a skills-based approach in teaching business. This approach emphasizes quantitative methods, in particular operations research, management information systems, statistics, organizational behavior, modeling and simulation, and decision science. The leading institution in this method is the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal is to provide students a set of tools that will prepare them to tackle and solve problems.

Another important approach used in business school is the use of business games that are used in different disciplines such as business, economics, management, etc. Some colleges are blending many of these approaches throughout their degree programs, and even blending the method of delivery for each of these approaches. A study from by Inside Higher Ed and the Babson Survey Research Group[48] shows that there is still disagreement as to the effectiveness of the approaches but the reach and accessibility is proving to be more and more appealing. Liberal arts colleges in the United States like New England College,[49] Wesleyan University,[50] and Bryn Mawr College are now offering complete online degrees in many business curriculae despite the controversy that surrounds the learning method.

There are also several business schools which still rely on the lecture method to give students a basic business education. Lectures are generally given from the professor's point of view, and rarely require interaction from the students unless notetaking is required. Lecture as a method of teaching in business schools has been criticized by experts for reducing the incentive and individualism in the learning experience.[51]

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Colorado (/ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ, -ˈrɑ�doʊ/ (listen), other variants)[8][9][10] is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state. The estimated population of Colorado was 5,695,564 on July 1, 2018, an increase of 13.25% since the 2010 United States Census.[11]

State of Colorado
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The Centennial State, Colo
Motto(s): Nil sine numine (English: Nothing without providence)
State song(s): "Where the Columbines Grow" and "Rocky Mountain High[1]"
Official language	English
Demonym	Coloradan
Capital (and largest city)	Denver
Largest metro	Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA
Area	Ranked 8th
 • Total	104,094 sq mi (269,837 km2)
 • Width	280 miles (450 km)
 • Length	380 miles (610 km)
 • % water	0.36%
 • Latitude	37°N to 41°N
 • Longitude	102°02'48"W to 109°02'48"W
Population	Ranked 21st
 • Total	5,695,564 (2018)
 • Density	52.0/sq mi  (19.9/km2) Ranked 37th
 • Median household income	$69,117[2] (12th)
Elevation
 • Highest point	Mount Elbert[3][4][5][6] in Lake County 14,440 ft (4401.2 m)
 • Mean	6,800 ft  (2070 m)
 • Lowest point	Arikaree River[4][5] at the Kansas border 3,317 ft (1011 m)
Admitted to the Union	August 1, 1876[7] (38th)
Governor	Jared Polis (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Dianne Primavera (D)
Legislature	General Assembly
 • Upper house	Senate
 • Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Michael Bennet (D) Cory Gardner (R)
U.S. House delegation	4 Democrats 3 Republicans (list)
Time zone	Mountain Time Zone: UTC−7/UTC−6
ISO 3166	US-CO
Abbreviations	CO
Website	www.colorado.gov

Colorado state symbols
The Flag of Colorado
The Seal of Colorado
Living insignia
Amphibian	Western tiger salamander Ambystoma mavortium
Bird	Lark bunting Calamospiza melanocoryus
Cactus	Claret cup cactus Echinocereus triglochidiatus
Fish	Greenback cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki somias
Flower	Rocky Mountain columbine Aquilegia coerulea
Grass	Blue grama grass Bouteloua gracilis
Insect	Colorado Hairstreak Hypaurotis crysalus
Mammal	Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis
Pet	Colorado shelter pets Canis lupus familiaris and Felis catus
Reptile	Western painted turtle Chrysemys picta bellii
Tree	Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens
Inanimate insignia
Colors	Blue, Red, Yellow, White
Dinosaur	Stegosaurus
Folk dance	Square dance Chorea quadra
Fossil	Stegosaurus Stegosaurus armatus
Gemstone	Aquamarine
Mineral	Rhodochrosite
Rock	Yule Marble
Ship	USS Colorado (SSN-788)
Slogan	Colorful Colorado
Soil	Seitz
Sport	Pack burro racing
Tartan	Colorado State Tartan
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2006
Lists of United States state symbols

The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861,[12] and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.[7] Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.

Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers and desert lands. Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States, and is one of the Mountain States.

Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are known as Coloradans, although the antiquated term "Coloradoan" is occasionally used.[13][14]

CNBC's list of "Top States for Business for 2010" has recognized Colorado as the third-best state in the nation, falling short to only Texas and Virginia.[108]

Corn growing in Larimer County

The total state product in 2015 was $318,600 million.[109] Median Annual Household Income in 2016 was $70,666, 8th in the nation.[110] Per capita personal income in 2010 was $51 940, ranking Colorado 11th in the nation.[111] The state's economy broadened from its mid-19th-century roots in mining when irrigated agriculture developed, and by the late 19th century, raising livestock had become important. Early industry was based on the extraction and processing of minerals and agricultural products. Current agricultural products are cattle, wheat, dairy products, corn, and hay.

The federal government is also a major economic force in the state with many important federal facilities including NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command), United States Air Force Academy, Schriever Air Force Base located approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers) east of Peterson Air Force Base, and Fort Carson, both located in Colorado Springs within El Paso County; NOAA, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder; U.S. Geological Survey and other government agencies at the Denver Federal Center near Lakewood; the Denver Mint, Buckley Air Force Base, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the Byron G. Rogers Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Denver; and a federal Supermax Prison and other federal prisons near Cañon City. In addition to these and other federal agencies, Colorado has abundant National Forest land and four National Parks that contribute to federal ownership of 24,615,788 acres (99,617 km2) of land in Colorado, or 37% of the total area of the state.[112] In the second half of the 20th century, the industrial and service sectors have expanded greatly. The state's economy is diversified, and is notable for its concentration of scientific research and high-technology industries. Other industries include food processing, transportation equipment, machinery, chemical products, the extraction of metals such as gold (see Gold mining in Colorado), silver, and molybdenum. Colorado now also has the largest annual production of beer of any state.[113] Denver is an important financial center.

A number of nationally known brand names have originated in Colorado factories and laboratories. From Denver came the forerunner of telecommunications giant Qwest in 1879, Samsonite luggage in 1910, Gates belts and hoses in 1911, and Russell Stover Candies in 1923. Kuner canned vegetables began in Brighton in 1864. From Golden came Coors beer in 1873, CoorsTek industrial ceramics in 1920, and Jolly Rancher candy in 1949. CF&I railroad rails, wire, nails, and pipe debuted in Pueblo in 1892. Holly Sugar was first milled from beets in Holly in 1905, and later moved its headquarters to Colorado Springs. The present-day Swift packed meat of Greeley evolved from Monfort of Colorado, Inc., established in 1930. Estes model rockets were launched in Penrose in 1958. Fort Collins has been the home of Woodward Governor Company's motor controllers (governors) since 1870, and Waterpik dental water jets and showerheads since 1962. Celestial Seasonings herbal teas have been made in Boulder since 1969. Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory made its first candy in Durango in 1981.

Colorado has a flat 4.63% income tax, regardless of income level. Unlike most states, which calculate taxes based on federal adjusted gross income, Colorado taxes are based on taxable income—income after federal exemptions and federal itemized (or standard) deductions.[114][115] Colorado's state sales tax is 2.9% on retail sales. When state revenues exceed state constitutional limits, according to Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights legislation, full-year Colorado residents can claim a sales tax refund on their individual state income tax return. Many counties and cities charge their own rates, in addition to the base state rate. There are also certain county and special district taxes that may apply.

Real estate and personal business property are taxable in Colorado. The state's senior property tax exemption was temporarily suspended by the Colorado Legislature in 2003. The tax break was scheduled to return for assessment year 2006, payable in 2007.

As of December 2018, the state's unemployment rate was 4.2%.[116]

Colleges and universities in Colorado:

• Adams State University
• Aims Community College
• Arapahoe Community College
• Art Institute of Colorado
• Belleview Christian College & Bible Seminary
• Colorado Christian University
• Colorado College
• Colorado Mesa University
• Colorado Mountain College
• Colorado Northwestern Community College
• Colorado School of Mines
• Colorado State University System
  • Colorado State University
  • Colorado State University-Pueblo
  • CSU–Global Campus
• Colorado Technical University
• Community College of Aurora
• Community College of Denver
• Denver Seminary
• DeVry University
• Emily Griffith Opportunity School
• Ecotech Institute
• Fort Lewis College
• Front Range Community College
• Iliff School of Theology
• Johnson & Wales University
• Lamar Community College
• Metropolitan State University of Denver
• Morgan Community College
• Naropa University
• Nazarene Bible College
• Northeastern Junior College
• Otero Junior College
• Pikes Peak Community College
• Pueblo Community College
• Red Rocks Community College
• Regis University
• Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design
• Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine
• Trinidad State Junior College
• United States Air Force Academy
• University of Colorado System
  • University of Colorado Boulder
  • University of Colorado Colorado Springs
  • University of Colorado Denver
    • Anschutz Medical Campus
    • Auraria Campus
• University of Denver
• University of Northern Colorado
• Western Colorado University[133]

• "Lawmakers name 'Rocky Mountain High' second state song | 9news.com". Archive.9news.com. March 13, 2007. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

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• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• The summit of Mount Elbert is the highest point of the Rocky Mountains of North America.

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• "QuickFacts Colorado; UNITED STATES". 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 9, 2019. Retrieved February 9, 2019.

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• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2016.

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• "Colorado is a rectangle? Think again". The Big Think, Inc. Retrieved November 15, 2018.

• "Shared Solution: Four Corners". NGS Survey Monument Data Sheet. United States National Geodetic Survey. May 7, 2003.

• The official Four Corners Monument is located at 36°59'56.31591″N, 109°2'42.62064"W, a short distance east of the 37°N, 109°02'48"W location Congress originally designated.

• U.S. Geological Survey. "Elevations and Distances". Archived from the original on January 16, 2008. Retrieved September 8, 2006.

• "Colorado County Highpoints". Retrieved February 27, 2012.

• Doesken, Nolan J.; Pielke, Roger A., Sr.; Bliss, Odilia A.P. (January 2003). "Climate of Colorado". Colorado Climate Center – Department of Atmospheric Science – Colorado State University. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2009.

• U.S. Forest Service. "Rocky Mountain Region 14ers". Retrieved November 6, 2009.

• "Pikes Peak, Colorado". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved October 10, 2009.

• Hansen, Wallace R.; Chronic, John; Matelock, John (1979) [first published 1978]. Climatography of the Front Range Urban Corridor and vicinity, Colorado (PDF). Geological Survey Professional Paper 1019 (Report). Washington, DC: USG Printing Office. Retrieved March 21, 2016.

• "Climate Of Colorado". Wrcc.dri.edu. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• "Denver, Colorado Travel Weather Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved July 10, 2013.

• "Relocating to Greenhorn Valley". Retrieved February 9, 2017.

• "Historic Denver Hailstorm Was Called Worst In American History". July 11, 2014.

• "Hailstorm that hammered west metro Denver May 8 is costliest ever for Colorado". May 23, 2017.

• Slater, Jane (May 28, 2008). "Thursday's Tornado State's 4th Costliest Disaster". KMGH.

• Prendergast, Alan (April 29, 2015). "The 1965 Flood: How Denver's Greatest Disaster Changed the City".

• "Denver's Consecutive 90 Degree Streaks". National Weather Service. Retrieved October 10, 2009.

• "A History of Drought" (PDF). Retrieved July 30, 2010.

• "Record Highest Temperatures by State" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. January 1, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 17, 2001. Retrieved January 11, 2007.

• "Record Lowest Temperatures by State" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. January 1, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 17, 2001. Retrieved January 11, 2007.

• "NOAA's National Weather Service – National Climate". W2.weather.gov. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• [1] Archived January 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

• "Largest Colorado quake since 1973 shakes homes". USA Today. August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.

• "Four earthquakes rumble Colorado overnight | OutThere Colorado". OutThere Colorado. 2018-08-24. Retrieved 2018-09-10.

• liz.forster@gazette.com, LIZ FORSTER. "3 earthquakes reported overnight in Colorado". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved September 10, 2018.

• "Genocide Wiped Out Native American Population ", Discovery News, September 20, 2010.

• Early explorers identified the Gunnison River in Colorado as the headwaters of the Colorado River. The Grand River in Colorado was later tentatively identified as the primary headwaters of the river. Finally in 1916, E.C. LaRue, the Chief Hydrologist of the United States Geological Survey, identified the Green River in southwestern Wyoming as the proper headwaters of the actual, overall Colorado River.

• Multiple Property Documentation Form. "National-Register-of-Historic" (PDF). www.nps.gov.

• Report of the exploring expedition from Santa Fé, New Mexico, to the junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the great Colorado of the West, in 1859: under the command of Capt. J. N. Macomb, Corps of topographical engineers, Volume 1 @ archive.org

• Forty-third United States Congress (March 3, 1875). "An Act to Enable the People of Colorado to Form a Constitution and State Government, and for the Admission of the Said State into the Union on an Equal Footing with the Original States" (PDF). Retrieved November 15, 2018.

• Shu Liu and Linda M. Meyer, Carnations and the Floriculture Industry: Documenting the Cultivation and Marketing of Flowers in Colorado, 2007

• Kingman, Dick (1986). A History – Colorado Flower Growers and its People. http://ghex.colostate.edu/pdf_files/AHistoryColoradoFlowerGrowersAndItsPeople.pdf: Colorado Greenhouse Growers Association, Inc.

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• "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2012.

• "Colorado QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• "talking about Colorado in "nada"". Elcastellano.org. June 30, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2010.

• "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 57, Number 12, (March 18, 2009)" (PDF). Retrieved July 30, 2010.

• "Department of Public Health and Environment |". Cdphe.state.co.us. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• "People of Colorado statistics". StateMaster.com. June 15, 2007. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• "Losing ground" (PDF). Adworks.org. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer.

• "Births: Final Data for 2013 Volume 64, Number 1" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. January 15, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2017.

• "Births: Final Data for 2014 Volume 64, Number 12" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. December 23, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2017.

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• https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf

• "Languages - Colorado". www.city-data.com.

• Adkins, Amy. "Mississippi and Alabama Most Protestant States in U.S". Gallup.com. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• "Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics | Pew Research Center". Religions.pewforum.org. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

• "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report". www.thearda.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013.

• "Religious Landscape Study". May 11, 2015.

• "Percentage of Obese Adult Population" (GIF). Calorielab.com. Retrieved April 1, 2016.

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• Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura (May 8, 2017). "Inequalities in Life Expectancy Among US Counties, 1980 to 2014". Journal of the American Medical Association: Internal Medicine. 177 (7): 1003–1011. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0918. PMC 5543324. PMID 28492829. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

• Cangialosi, Jason. "Scenic Memorabilia: Colorado's Film Locations". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved March 4, 2013.

• Knowlton, Andrew. "America's Foodiest Town 2010: Boulder, Colorado: In the Magazine". bonappetit.com. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

• [2] Archived March 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

• Arnold, Katie (June 8, 2008). "As Skiers Depart Aspen, Chowhounds Take Their Place". Aspen (Colo): Travel.nytimes.com. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

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• Jackenthal, Stefani (October 5, 2008). "Biking Colorado's Wine Country". Colorado: Travel.nytimes.com. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

• "The Jefferson Cup Invitational Wine Competition". Thejeffersoncup.com. November 24, 2010. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

• "Wine Industry Feature Articles – Is Colorado the New Washington?". Winesandvines.com. Retrieved June 5, 2011.

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• Several Air Force teams participate in other conferences, or as independents, in sports that the MW does not sponsor:
  • Boxing, a men-only sport which is not sanctioned by the NCAA, competes as an independent.
  • Fencing, a coeducational sport with men's and women's squads, also competes as an independent.
  • Men's and women's gymnastics both compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
  • Men's ice hockey competes in Atlantic Hockey.
  • Men's lacrosse competes in the Southern Conference.
  • Rifle, which at Air Force is a coeducational sport, competes in the Patriot Rifle Conference.
  • Men's soccer and women's swimming & diving compete in the Western Athletic Conference.
  • Wrestling, a men-only sport, competes in the Big 12 Conference.

• Several Colorado teams participate in other conferences in sports that the Pac-12 does not sponsor:
  • Men's and women's indoor track & field compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
  • Skiing, a coeducational sport with men's and women's squads, competes in the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.

• Several Denver teams participate in other conferences in sports that The Summit League does not sponsor:
  • Women's gymnastics competes in the Big 12 Conference.
  • Men's ice hockey competes in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference.
  • Men's and women's lacrosse compete in the Big East Conference.
  • Skiing, a coeducational sport with men's and women's squads, competes in the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.

• Several Northern Colorado teams participate in other conferences in sports that the Big Sky does not sponsor:
  • Baseball (a men-only sport) and women's swimming & diving compete in the Western Athletic Conference.
  • Wrestling, a men-only sport, competes in the Big 12 Conference.

• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.

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• The United States Office of Management and Budget defines a combined statistical area (CSA) as an aggregate of adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas that are linked by commuting ties.

• The United States Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as a Core Based Statistical Area having at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

• The United States Office of Management and Budget defines a Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) as a Core Based Statistical Area having at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

• "OMB Bulletin No. 10-02: Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). United States Office of Management and Budget. December 1, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2010.

• "American Factfinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 9, 2019.

• "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Department of Local Affairs. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2011.

• "Colorado Local Government by Type". State of Colorado, Department of Local Affairs. February 27, 2007. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved May 11, 2011.

• "Total Registered Voters By Party Affiliation and Status As of Fri Apr 01 2016 03:07:45 GMT-0600 (MDT)" (PDF).

• By legislative act enacted August 1, 2012, approved by Governor John Hickenlooper.

• Managed by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Forest Service.

• Jointly managed by the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management and the United States Department of Agriculture, National Forest Service.

• Managed by the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

        School Description

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CA/BA	Master of Business Administration
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Master of Business Administration program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action. The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation. Learning teams will apply the principles of benchmarking throughout the program to research the most creative solutions to a problem. This will enrich the alternatives that learners consider in evaluating possible solutions to the problems. The MBA consists of 39 credit hours and includes three proficiency courses (MBA 501, MBA 502, MBA 503) which may be satisfied using an undergraduate business degree, undergraduate coursework or graduate coursework. Students may also waive an additional nine credits using graduate courses and may qualify for a 21-credit hour residency. :: Concentration: Administration :: Campus    ::  Location: Aurora, CO ::  more info

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School: University of Phoenix Program: The MAEd degree program is designed to meet the specific needs of educators through a variety of specializations. Each area of specialization offers courses developed to meet state licensing and content standards and to enhance and refine the skills of the individual whether an administrator, counselor, or classroom teacher. :: Concentration: Administration :: Campus    ::  Location: Colorado, CO ::  more info

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MA/Ed./AS	Master of Education- Administration and Supervision
School: University of Phoenix Program: The MAEd degree program is designed to meet the specific needs of educators through a variety of specializations. Each area of specialization offers courses developed to meet state licensing and content standards and to enhance and refine the skills of the individual whether an administrator, counselor, or classroom teacher. :: Concentration: Administration :: Online    ::  Location: Colorado Springs, CO ::  more info

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The Masters in Business Administration (MBA) develops students for the role managers play in defining business problems, assessing information, considering alternatives, and choosing the best solution.

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