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:: Master of Business Administration (MBA)

A master's degree[note 1] (from Latin magister) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.[1] A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

• Postgraduate/graduate master's degrees (MA/M.A./A.M., MPhil/M.Phil., MSc/M.S./SM, MBA/M.B.A., LLM/LL.M., etc.) are the traditional formal form of master's degree, where the student already holds an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree on entry. Courses normally last one year in the UK and two years in the US.[47][48]
• Integrated master's degrees (MChem, MEng, MMath, MPharm, MPhys, MPsych, MSci, etc.) are UK degrees that combine an undergraduate bachelor's degree course with an extra year at master's level (i.e. a total of four years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and five years in Scotland). A 2011 survey of UK Higher Education Institutes found that 64% offered integrated master's course, mostly in STEM disciplines, with the most common degrees being MEng, MSci and MChem. 82% of respondents conferred only a master's degree for the course, while 9% conferred a bachelor's degree at the end of the bachelor's-level stage and a master's degree at the end of the course and a further 9% conferred both bachelor's and master's degrees at the end of the course.[56][57]

The UK Quality Assurance Agency defines three categories of Master's degrees:[59]

• Research master's degrees are primarily research based, although may contain taught elements, particularly on research methods. Examples are the MLitt (usually, but not always a research degree), the Master's by Research, and the MPhil. The Master's by Research (MbyRes, ResM), which is a research degree, is distinct from the Master of Research (MRes), which is a taught degree concentrating on research methods.[60]
• Specialised or advanced study master's degrees are primarily taught degrees, although commonly at least a third of the course is devoted to a research project assessed by dissertation. These may be stand-alone master's courses, leading to, e.g., MSc, MA or MRes degrees, or integrated master's degrees.
• Professional or practice master's degrees (see also professional degree) are designed to prepare students for a particular professional career and are primarily taught, although they may include work placements and independent study projects. Some may require professional experience for entry. Examples include MBA, MDiv, LLM and MSW as well as some integrated master's degrees. The name of the degree normally includes the subject name.

The United States Department of Education classifies master's degrees as research or professional. Research master's degrees in the US (e.g., M.A./A.M. or M.S.) require the completion of taught courses and examinations in a major and one or more minor subjects, as well as (normally) a research thesis. Professional master's degrees may be structured like research master's (e.g., M.E./M.Eng.) or may concentrate on a specific discipline (e.g., M.B.A.) and often substitute a project for the thesis.[48]

Master's programs in the US and Canada are normally two years in length. In some fields/programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but a master's may be granted along the way as an intermediate qualification if the student petitions for it.[48] Some universities offer evening options so that students can work during the day and earn a master's degree in the evenings.[63]

Admission to a master's degree normally requires successful completion of study at bachelor's degree level either (for postgraduate degrees) as a stand-alone degree or (for integrated degrees) as part of an integrated scheme of study. In countries where the bachelor's degree with honours is the standard undergraduate degree, this is often the normal entry qualification.[59][72] In addition, students will normally have to write a personal statement and, in the arts and humanities, will often have to submit a portfolio of work.[73]

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A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in business administration or management. According to Kaplan business schools are "educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management".[1] Such a school can also be known as school of management, school of business administration, or colloquially b-school or biz school. A business school teaches topics such as accounting, administration, strategy, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource management, management science, management information systems, international business, logistics, marketing, organizational psychology, organizational behavior, public relations, research methods and real estate among others.

There are several forms of business schools, including a school of business, business administration, and management.

1. Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses (e.g. Mannheim Business School).
2. In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees (e.g. Harvard Business School).
3. In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses (e.g. Copenhagen Business School).
4. Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university (e.g. WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management).

Kaplan classifies business schools along four Corners:[2]

1. Culture (Europe - US): Independent of their actual (physical) location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
2. Compass (international/global – regional/local): Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/ global schools on one end and regional/ local schools on the other.
3. Capital (public – private): Business schools can either be publicly (state) funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
4. Content (teaching – research): Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.

Common degrees are as follows.

• Associate's degree: AA, AAB, ABA, AS
• Bachelor's Degrees:

BCom, BA, BS, BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration), BBus (Bachelor of Business), BSBA, BAcc, BABA, BBS, BMOS and BBusSc (Bachelor of Business Science)

• Master's Degrees: MBA, MBM, Master of Management, MAcc, MMR, MSMR, MPA, MISM, MSM, MHA, MSF, MSc, MST, MMS, EMBA and MCom. At Oxford and Cambridge business schools an MPhil or MSc, is awarded in place of an MA.
• Doctoral Degrees: Ph.D., DBA, DHA, DM, Doctor of Commerce (DCOM), PhD in Management or Business Doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy), Doctor of Professional Studies (DPS)

Some business schools structure their teaching around the use of case studies (i.e. the case method). Case studies have been used in Graduate and Undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors influencing the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.

Business schools often obtain case studies published by the Harvard Business School, INSEAD, London Business School, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario, the Darden School at the University of Virginia, IESE, other academic institutions, or case clearing houses (such as The Case Centre). Harvard's most popular case studies include Lincoln Electric Co.[44] and Google, Inc.[45]

Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future. Three different methods have been used in business case teaching:

1. Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
2. Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
3. A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations.[46] This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.

In contrast to the case method some schools use a skills-based approach in teaching business. This approach emphasizes quantitative methods, in particular operations research, management information systems, statistics, organizational behavior, modeling and simulation, and decision science. The leading institution in this method is the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal is to provide students a set of tools that will prepare them to tackle and solve problems.

Another important approach used in business school is the use of business games that are used in different disciplines such as business, economics, management, etc. Some colleges are blending many of these approaches throughout their degree programs, and even blending the method of delivery for each of these approaches. A study from by Inside Higher Ed and the Babson Survey Research Group[48] shows that there is still disagreement as to the effectiveness of the approaches but the reach and accessibility is proving to be more and more appealing. Liberal arts colleges in the United States like New England College,[49] Wesleyan University,[50] and Bryn Mawr College are now offering complete online degrees in many business curriculae despite the controversy that surrounds the learning method.

There are also several business schools which still rely on the lecture method to give students a basic business education. Lectures are generally given from the professor's point of view, and rarely require interaction from the students unless notetaking is required. Lecture as a method of teaching in business schools has been criticized by experts for reducing the incentive and individualism in the learning experience.[51]

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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ (listen) is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Of the fifty states, it is the 34th largest by area, the seventh most populous, and the tenth most densely populated. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.

State of Ohio
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The Buckeye State; Birthplace of Aviation; The Heart of It All
Motto(s): With God, all things are possible (1959)[1]
State song(s): "Beautiful Ohio (1969)[2] Hang On Sloopy (1985)[3]"
Official language	De jure: None De facto: English
Spoken languages	English 93.3% Spanish 2.2% Other 4.5%[4]
Demonym	Ohioan; Buckeye[5] (colloq.)
Capital (and largest city)	Columbus[6][7]
Largest metro	Greater Cincinnati Greater Columbus (see footnotes[8])
Area	Ranked 34th
 • Total	44,825 sq mi (116,096 km2)
 • Width	220 miles (355 km)
 • Length	220 miles (355 km)
 • % water	8.7
 • Latitude	38° 24′ N to 41° 59′ N
 • Longitude	80° 31′ W to 84° 49′ W
Population	Ranked 7th
 • Total	11,689,442 (2018)
 • Density	282/sq mi  (109/km2) Ranked 10th
 • Median household income	$54,021[9] (36th)
Elevation
 • Highest point	Campbell Hill[10][11] 1,549 ft (472 m)
 • Mean	850 ft  (260 m)
 • Lowest point	Ohio River at Indiana border[10][11] 455 ft (139 m)
Admitted to the Union	March 1, 1803[12] (17th, declared retroactively on August 7, 1953[13])
Governor	Mike DeWine (R)
Lieutenant Governor	Jon Husted (R)
Legislature	General Assembly
 • Upper house	Senate
 • Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Sherrod Brown (D) Rob Portman (R)
U.S. House delegation	12 Republicans 4 Democrats (list)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC -5/-4
ISO 3166	US-OH
Abbreviations	OH[14]
Website	www.ohio.gov

Ohio state symbols
The Flag of Ohio
The Seal of Ohio
Living insignia
Amphibian	Spotted salamander
Bird	Cardinal (1933)[2]
Flower	Red carnation (1904)[2]
Insect	Ladybug (1975)[2]
Mammal	White-tailed deer (1987)[2]
Reptile	Black racer snake (1995)[2]
Tree	Buckeye (1953)[2]
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Tomato juice (1965)[2]
Fossil	Isotelus maximus, a trilobite (1985)[2]
Gemstone	Ohio flint (1965)[2]
Slogan	So Much to Discover
Other	Wild flower: Great white trillium (1986)[2] Fruit: Pawpaw
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2002
Lists of United States state symbols

The state takes its name from the Ohio River, whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohi�yo', meaning "good river", "great river" or "large creek".[15][16][17] Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803, and the first under the Northwest Ordinance.[12][18] Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".[5]

Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier, to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union, to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transmogrifying to a more information and service based economy in the 21st.

The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, led by the state Supreme Court. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives.[19] Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.[20] Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.

Ohio is an industrial state, ranking 8th out of 50 states in GDP (2015), and is the second largest producer of automobiles behind Michigan.

In 2010, Ohio was ranked No. 2 in the country for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database.[99] The state has also won three consecutive Governor's Cup awards from the magazine, based on business growth and developments.[100] As of 2016, Ohio's gross domestic product (GDP) was $626 billion.[101] This ranks Ohio's economy as the seventh-largest of all fifty states and the District of Columbia.[102]

The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council ranked the state No. 10 for best business-friendly tax systems in their Business Tax Index 2009, including a top corporate tax and capital gains rate that were both ranked No. 6 at 1.9%.[103] Ohio was ranked No. 11 by the council for best friendly-policy states according to their Small Business Survival Index 2009.[104] The Directorship's Boardroom Guide ranked the state No. 13 overall for best business climate, including No. 7 for best litigation climate.[105] Forbes ranked the state No. 8 for best regulatory environment in 2009.[106] Ohio has 5 of the top 115 colleges in the nation, according to U.S. News and World Report's 2010 rankings,[107] and was ranked No. 8 by the same magazine in 2008 for best high schools.[108]

Ohio's unemployment rate stands at 4.5% as of February 2018,[109] down from 10.7% in May 2010.[110][111] The state still lacks 45,000 jobs compared to the prerecession numbers of 2007.[112] The labor force participation as of April 2015 is 63%, slightly above the national average.[112] Ohio's per capita income stands at $34,874.[102][113] As of 2016, Ohio's median household income is $52,334,[114] and 14.6% of the population is below the poverty line[115]

The manufacturing and financial activities sectors each compose 18.3% of Ohio's GDP, making them Ohio's largest industries by percentage of GDP.[102] Ohio has the third largest manufacturing workforce behind California and Texas.[116][117] Ohio has the largest bioscience sector in the Midwest, and is a national leader in the "green" economy. Ohio is the largest producer in the country of plastics, rubber, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and appliances.[118] 5,212,000 Ohioans are currently employed by wage or salary.[102]

By employment, Ohio's largest sector is trade/transportation/utilities, which employs 1,010,000 Ohioans, or 19.4% of Ohio's workforce, while the health care and education sector employs 825,000 Ohioans (15.8%).[102] Government employs 787,000 Ohioans (15.1%), manufacturing employs 669,000 Ohioans (12.9%), and professional and technical services employs 638,000 Ohioans (12.2%).[102] Ohio's manufacturing sector is the third-largest of all fifty United States states in terms of gross domestic product.[102] Fifty-nine of the United States' top 1,000 publicly traded companies (by revenue in 2008) are headquartered in Ohio, including Procter & Gamble, Goodyear Tire & Rubber, AK Steel, Timken, Abercrombie & Fitch, and Wendy's.[119]

Ohio is also one of 41 states with its own lottery,[120] the Ohio Lottery.[121] The Ohio Lottery has contributed over $15.5 billion to public education in its 34-year history.[122]

Ohio's system of public education is outlined in Article VI of the state constitution, and in Title XXXIII of the Ohio Revised Code. Ohio University, the first university in the Northwest Territory, was also the first public institution in Ohio. Substantively, Ohio's system is similar to those found in other states. At the State level, the Ohio Department of Education, which is overseen by the Ohio State Board of Education, governs primary and secondary educational institutions. At the municipal level, there are approximately 700 school districts statewide. The Ohio Board of Regents coordinates and assists with Ohio's institutions of higher education which have recently been reorganized into the University System of Ohio under Governor Strickland. The system averages an annual enrollment of over 400,000 students, making it one of the five largest state university systems in the U.S.

Notable schools consistently ranking in the top 50 nationally of the U.S. News & World Report overall or liberal arts rankings are Case Western Reserve University, Oberlin College, and Kenyon College. Ranking in the top 100 nationally of the U.S. News & World Report are Ohio State University and Miami University.[149]

• 13 state universities
  • Bowling Green State University (Bowling Green)
  • Central State University (Wilberforce)
  • Cleveland State University (Cleveland)
  • Kent State University (Kent)
  • Miami University (Oxford)
  • The Ohio State University (Columbus)
  • Ohio University (Athens)
  • Shawnee State University (Portsmouth)
  • University of Akron (Akron)
  • University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati)
  • University of Toledo (Toledo)
  • Wright State University (Dayton/Fairborn)
  • Youngstown State University (Youngstown)
• 24 state university branch and regional campuses
• 46 private colleges and universities
• 6 free-standing state-assisted medical schools
  • Boonshoft School of Medicine (formerly known as The Wright State University School of Medicine)
  • Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University
  • Northeast Ohio Medical University
  • The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health
  • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
  • University of Toledo College of Medicine (formerly Medical University of Ohio)
• 15 community colleges
• 8 technical colleges
• 24 independent non-profit colleges

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• Petun, Erie, Chonnonton, Wyandot, the Mingo Seneca & the Iroquois Confederacy

• Miami, Mascouten Lenape Shawnee & Odawa

• Mosopelea

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        School Description

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MBA	Master of Business Administration
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Master of Business Administration program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action. The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation. Learning teams will apply the principles of benchmarking throughout the program to research the most creative solutions to a problem. This will enrich the alternatives that learners consider in evaluating possible solutions to the problems. The MBA consists of 39 credit hours and includes three proficiency courses (MBA 501, MBA 502, MBA 503) which may be satisfied using an undergraduate business degree, undergraduate coursework or graduate coursework. Students may also waive an additional nine credits using graduate courses and may qualify for a 21-credit hour residency. :: Concentration: Administration :: Campus    ::  Location: Cleveland, OH ::  more info

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