Get Your Degree Online!

:: Master of Business Administration (MBA)

A master's degree[note 1] (from Latin magister) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.[1] A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

• Postgraduate/graduate master's degrees (MA/M.A./A.M., MPhil/M.Phil., MSc/M.S./SM, MBA/M.B.A., LLM/LL.M., etc.) are the traditional formal form of master's degree, where the student already holds an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree on entry. Courses normally last one year in the UK and two years in the US.[47][48]
• Integrated master's degrees (MChem, MEng, MMath, MPharm, MPhys, MPsych, MSci, etc.) are UK degrees that combine an undergraduate bachelor's degree course with an extra year at master's level (i.e. a total of four years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and five years in Scotland). A 2011 survey of UK Higher Education Institutes found that 64% offered integrated master's course, mostly in STEM disciplines, with the most common degrees being MEng, MSci and MChem. 82% of respondents conferred only a master's degree for the course, while 9% conferred a bachelor's degree at the end of the bachelor's-level stage and a master's degree at the end of the course and a further 9% conferred both bachelor's and master's degrees at the end of the course.[56][57]

The UK Quality Assurance Agency defines three categories of Master's degrees:[59]

• Research master's degrees are primarily research based, although may contain taught elements, particularly on research methods. Examples are the MLitt (usually, but not always a research degree), the Master's by Research, and the MPhil. The Master's by Research (MbyRes, ResM), which is a research degree, is distinct from the Master of Research (MRes), which is a taught degree concentrating on research methods.[60]
• Specialised or advanced study master's degrees are primarily taught degrees, although commonly at least a third of the course is devoted to a research project assessed by dissertation. These may be stand-alone master's courses, leading to, e.g., MSc, MA or MRes degrees, or integrated master's degrees.
• Professional or practice master's degrees (see also professional degree) are designed to prepare students for a particular professional career and are primarily taught, although they may include work placements and independent study projects. Some may require professional experience for entry. Examples include MBA, MDiv, LLM and MSW as well as some integrated master's degrees. The name of the degree normally includes the subject name.

The United States Department of Education classifies master's degrees as research or professional. Research master's degrees in the US (e.g., M.A./A.M. or M.S.) require the completion of taught courses and examinations in a major and one or more minor subjects, as well as (normally) a research thesis. Professional master's degrees may be structured like research master's (e.g., M.E./M.Eng.) or may concentrate on a specific discipline (e.g., M.B.A.) and often substitute a project for the thesis.[48]

Master's programs in the US and Canada are normally two years in length. In some fields/programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but a master's may be granted along the way as an intermediate qualification if the student petitions for it.[48] Some universities offer evening options so that students can work during the day and earn a master's degree in the evenings.[63]

Admission to a master's degree normally requires successful completion of study at bachelor's degree level either (for postgraduate degrees) as a stand-alone degree or (for integrated degrees) as part of an integrated scheme of study. In countries where the bachelor's degree with honours is the standard undergraduate degree, this is often the normal entry qualification.[59][72] In addition, students will normally have to write a personal statement and, in the arts and humanities, will often have to submit a portfolio of work.[73]

• [1] Archived October 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

• Hastings Rashdall (1895). "I". The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1, Salerno, Bologna, Paris. pp. 1–22.

• "History of Medieval Education, Middle Ages European Learning". Academic Apparel. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

• Corydon Ireland (22 May 2012). "Commencements, from 1642 onward". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

• "Oxbridge masters degrees 'offensive', says Cambridge don". Daily Telegraph. 27 May 2010.

• "Harvard College Laws of 1700". Constitution Society. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

• Board Of Overseers, Harvard University (6 January 1825). Revised Code of Laws. Report of a Committee of the Overseers of Harvard College. p. 22.

• J. A. Lawrie (20 July 1855). The Charters of the Scotch Universities and Medical Corporations, and Medical Reform in Scotland. Association Medical Journal. Provincial Medical and Surgical Association. p. 687.

• "Minutes of the Medical Council". The Medical Times and Gazette. 13 July 1861. p. 441.

• College of Surgeons. The Philadelphia University Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 13. 1870. p. 284.

• Barnard, Henry (1858). University of Edinburgh. American Journal of Education. 4. p. 821.

• "PARLIAMENTARY REFORM—BILL FOR SCOTLAND—COMMITTEE". Hansard. 9 July 1832. Retrieved 21 August 2016.

• C. E. Whiting (29 June 1937). "Durham University Centenary". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 8 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)). The M.A. degree at Oxford and Cambridge had degenerated, and was granted to Bachelors of three years' standing on the payment of certain fees. At Durham the B.A. had to keep residence for three extra terms, and to pass what seems have been an honours examination in order to proceed to the Master's degree, and for a number of years classes were awarded in the M.A. examination.

• "Examination for the degree of Matter of Arts". Regulations of the University of London on the Subject of Degrees in Arts. 1839. pp. 21–23.

• "Regulations". The Durham University Calendar. 1842. pp. xxv–xxvi.

• Chambers w. And r, ltd (1862). Edinburgh University. Chambers's Encyclopaedia•volume=III.

• "Graduate Education: Parameters for Public Policy" (PDF). National Science Board. 1969. pp. 1–5. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

• "A (Very) Brief History the Master's Degree". American Historical Association. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

• Walter Arthur Donnelly (1941). Degrees Authorized by the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan, an Encyclopedic Survey. University of Michigan. p. 294.

• "Third Charter, 1858". University of London, the Historical Record: 1836-1912. University of London Press. 1912. pp. 39–48.

• "University of London". Southern Reporter and Cork Commercial Courier. 28 December 1859 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• Ravenscroft, Edward (872). Regulations as to Degrees in Science. The Edinburgh University Calendar. pp. 115–117.

• "Durham University". Bury and Norwich Post. 7 October 1862 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "New Degrees of Science". Cheltenham Chronicle. 5 June 1877 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "University Intelligence". Oxford Journal. 5 April 1879 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "University Intelligence". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 5 February 1880 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "Clippings from the Athenaeum". Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette. 24 August 1878 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "The Victoria University and its Science Degrees". Birmingham Daily Post. 16 April 1881. Retrieved 8 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• University Calendar. Victoria University. 1883. pp. 37–38.

• "Mr. Meyer and his D.D." London Daily News. 31 August 1903 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "University Degrees". London Daily News. 2 September 1903 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "University Degrees". London Daily News. 7 September 1903 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• Carter A. Daniel (1998). MBA: The First Century. Bucknell University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780838753620.

• "Commerce as a Science". London Daily News. 26 November 1903 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

• "The Faculty of Law". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

• "Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". Statutes and Regulations. University of Oxford. 16 September 2015. Conversion of BLitt, BPhil, and BSc to MLitt, MPhil, and MSc. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

• "New-style engineering degrees proposed". The Production Engineer. [IEEE]. September 1983. Retrieved 13 August 2016.

• Colin R. Chapman; Jack Levy (2004). "An Engine for Change: A Chronicle of the Engineering Council" (PDF). Engineering Council. Retrieved 13 August 2016.

• The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997). Higher Education in the learning society. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

• Jennifer Currie (16 June 2000). "Why I...think Oxbridge MA degrees should be scrapped". Times Higher Education.

• "Early day motion 806". Parliament.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

• Ben Russell (3 July 2000). "Oxbridge MAs are misleading, says agency". The Independent.

• "The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland". Quality Assurance Agency. January 2001. Archived from the original on 14 April 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

• "The framework for qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland". Quality Assurance Agency. January 2001. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

• "EUROPE: Future of masters programmes". University World News. 26 April 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

• Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Education and Skills Committee (30 April 2007). The Bologna process and the UK. The Bologna process: fourth report of session 2006-07, report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. The Stationery Office. p. 52. ISBN 9780215033727.

• Results of the 2011 UK HE International Unit European Activity Survey of UK HEIs - UK (PDF) (Report). UK Higher Education International Unit. 23 April 2012. p. 6.

• "Structure of the U.S. Education System: Master's Degrees". United States Department of Education. February 2008.

• The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 36.

• "University of Nottingham Qualifications Framework". Quality Manual. University of Nottingham. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• "Masters in Accounting". QS Top Universities. QS Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• University of Oxford Style Guide (PDF). University of Oxford. 2016. p. 20. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• "University Degrees". Debrett's. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• "Academic Degrees & Professional Designations". Accu-Assist. Retrieved 29 May 2016.

• Australian Qualifications Framework (PDF) (Second ed.). Australian Qualifications Framework Council. January 2013. pp. 72–73. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-10.

• The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies. Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 29.

• Results of the 2011 UK HE International Unit European Activity Survey of UK HEIs - UK (PDF) (Report). UK Higher Education International Unit. 23 April 2012. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2014.

• "TCD to keep selling Masters - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. 19 November 2005. Retrieved 11 July 2016.

• Master's Degree Characteristics Statement (PDF) (Report). Quality Assurance Agency. September 2015. pp. 4–5.

• Master's Degree Characteristics Statement (PDF) (Report). Quality Assurance Agency. September 2015. pp. 10–13.

• Australian Qualifications Framework (PDF) (Second ed.). Australian Qualifications Framework Council. January 2013. pp. 59–62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-10.

• "Irish National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ)". Quality and Qualifications Ireland. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

• "Georgia Institute of Technology: Evening Program". Retrieved 14 July 2015.

• "What is a Master's degree?". Prospects. Retrieved 9 February 2019.

• "Master's Degree Characteristics Statement" (PDF). QAA. September 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2019.

• "Higher education credit framework for England" (PDF). QAA. August 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2019.

• "The framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). European Higher Education Area. 20 May 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• ECTS Users' Guide (PDF). European Union. 2015. p. 10. doi:10.2766/87192. ISBN 978-92-79-43559-1.

• "Verification of compatibility of the framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland with the framework for qualifications of the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. October 2006.

• "Verification of the compatibility of The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ) with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area(FQ-EHEA)" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2008.

• "Verification of Compatibility of Irish National Framework of Qualifications with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). November 2006.

• "Verification of Compatibility of Irish National Framework of Qualifications with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). November 2006. p. 7.

• "Applying for a Masters degree". prospects.ac.uk. Graduate Prospects. June 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

• "FAQs about postgraduate study". UCAS. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

• "Graduate Admissions Tests at a Glance: GMAT, GRE, LSAT, TOEFL & IELTS". Top Universities. QS Quacquarelli Symonds. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

• "ΦΕΚ 54". Journal of the Government of the Greek Republic (in Greek). 54 (Appendix). Athens, Greece. August 1, 1978.

• European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2015). The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Bologna Process Implementation Report (Report). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. p. 17.

• European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2015). The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Bologna Process Implementation Report (Report). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. pp. 54–56.

• Verification of compatibility of the Danish National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area (PDF). The Danish Evaluation Institute. November 2009. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-87-7958-556-0.

• "Organisation licence master doctorat (L.M.D.)" (in French). Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• "Degree & recognition". Centre International de Formation Europëenne. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• "The French National Qualifications Framework". Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

• "Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca". Attiministeriali.muir.it. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

• "wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wet op het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek - BWBR0005682". Wetten.overheid.nl. Retrieved 13 October 2014.

• [2] Archived May 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

• "Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap". Minocw.nl. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

• "Citizens' questions letter from Dutch Department of Education, Culture and Science" (PDF). Members.home.nl. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

• Keesâ„¢ Internetbureau. "titulatuur: drs. A. Jansen, M.B.A. - Genootschap Onze Taal". Onzetaal.nl. Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

• [3] Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

• "European higher education area - Slovenia". ehea.info. Retrieved 2017-11-23.

• "European higher education area - Croatia". ehea.info. Retrieved 2017-11-23.

• "Real Decreto 967/2014". Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in business administration or management. According to Kaplan business schools are "educational institutions that specialize in teaching courses and programs related to business and/or management".[1] Such a school can also be known as school of management, school of business administration, or colloquially b-school or biz school. A business school teaches topics such as accounting, administration, strategy, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, human resource management, management science, management information systems, international business, logistics, marketing, organizational psychology, organizational behavior, public relations, research methods and real estate among others.

There are several forms of business schools, including a school of business, business administration, and management.

1. Most of the university business schools consist of faculties, colleges, or departments within the university, and predominantly teach business courses (e.g. Mannheim Business School).
2. In North America, a business school is often understood to be a university program that offers a graduate Master of Business Administration degrees and/or undergraduate bachelor's degrees (e.g. Harvard Business School).
3. In Europe and Asia, some universities teach predominantly business courses (e.g. Copenhagen Business School).
4. Privately owned business school which is not affiliated with any university (e.g. WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management).

Kaplan classifies business schools along four Corners:[2]

1. Culture (Europe - US): Independent of their actual (physical) location, business schools can be classified according to whether they follow the European or the US model.
2. Compass (international/global – regional/local): Business schools can be classified along a continuum, with international/ global schools on one end and regional/ local schools on the other.
3. Capital (public – private): Business schools can either be publicly (state) funded or privately funded, for example through endowments or tuition fees.
4. Content (teaching – research): Business school can be classified according to whether a school considers teaching or research to be its primary focus.

Common degrees are as follows.

• Associate's degree: AA, AAB, ABA, AS
• Bachelor's Degrees:

BCom, BA, BS, BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration), BBus (Bachelor of Business), BSBA, BAcc, BABA, BBS, BMOS and BBusSc (Bachelor of Business Science)

• Master's Degrees: MBA, MBM, Master of Management, MAcc, MMR, MSMR, MPA, MISM, MSM, MHA, MSF, MSc, MST, MMS, EMBA and MCom. At Oxford and Cambridge business schools an MPhil or MSc, is awarded in place of an MA.
• Doctoral Degrees: Ph.D., DBA, DHA, DM, Doctor of Commerce (DCOM), PhD in Management or Business Doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy), Doctor of Professional Studies (DPS)

Some business schools structure their teaching around the use of case studies (i.e. the case method). Case studies have been used in Graduate and Undergraduate business education for nearly one hundred years. Business cases are historical descriptions of actual business situations. Typically, information is presented about a business firm's products, markets, competition, financial structure, sales volumes, management, employees and other factors influencing the firm's success. The length of a business case study may range from two or three pages to 30 pages, or more.

Business schools often obtain case studies published by the Harvard Business School, INSEAD, London Business School, the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario, the Darden School at the University of Virginia, IESE, other academic institutions, or case clearing houses (such as The Case Centre). Harvard's most popular case studies include Lincoln Electric Co.[44] and Google, Inc.[45]

Students are expected to scrutinize the case study and prepare to discuss strategies and tactics that the firm should employ in the future. Three different methods have been used in business case teaching:

1. Preparing case-specific questions to be answered by the student. This is used with short cases intended for Undergraduate students. The underlying concept is that such students need specific guidance to be able to analyze case studies.
2. Problem-solving analysis is the second method initiated by the Harvard Business School which is by far the most widely used method in MBA and executive development programs. The underlying concept is that with enough practice (hundreds of case analyses) students develop intuitive skills for analyzing and resolving complex business situations. Successful implementation of this method depends heavily on the skills of the discussion leader.
3. A generally applicable strategic planning approach. This third method does not require students to analyze hundreds of cases. A strategic planning model is provided and students are instructed to apply the steps of the model to six – and up to a dozen cases – during a semester. This is sufficient to develop their ability to analyze a complex situation, generate a variety of possible strategies and to select the best ones. In effect, students learn a generally applicable approach to analyze cases studies and real situations.[46] This approach does not make any extraordinary demands on the artistic and dramatic talents of the teacher. Consequently, most professors are capable of supervising the application of this method.

In contrast to the case method some schools use a skills-based approach in teaching business. This approach emphasizes quantitative methods, in particular operations research, management information systems, statistics, organizational behavior, modeling and simulation, and decision science. The leading institution in this method is the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University. The goal is to provide students a set of tools that will prepare them to tackle and solve problems.

Another important approach used in business school is the use of business games that are used in different disciplines such as business, economics, management, etc. Some colleges are blending many of these approaches throughout their degree programs, and even blending the method of delivery for each of these approaches. A study from by Inside Higher Ed and the Babson Survey Research Group[48] shows that there is still disagreement as to the effectiveness of the approaches but the reach and accessibility is proving to be more and more appealing. Liberal arts colleges in the United States like New England College,[49] Wesleyan University,[50] and Bryn Mawr College are now offering complete online degrees in many business curriculae despite the controversy that surrounds the learning method.

There are also several business schools which still rely on the lecture method to give students a basic business education. Lectures are generally given from the professor's point of view, and rarely require interaction from the students unless notetaking is required. Lecture as a method of teaching in business schools has been criticized by experts for reducing the incentive and individualism in the learning experience.[51]

• "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010.

• "Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". Business Horizons. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010.

• Rodrigues, Lúcia Lima. "Aula do Comércio (1759-1844): Primeiro Estabelecimento Governamental de Ensino de Contabilidade" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

• Rodrigues, Lúcia Lima. "Aula do Comércio (1759-1844): Primeiro Estabelecimento Governamental de Ensino de Contabilidade" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

• "Business Schools and business programs - Graduate International".

• "Andreas Kaplan: European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal. 32: 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006.

• "Focus On - Generation Europe Foundation - Career Guidance (page 5)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-17.

• "Business Schools and business programs - Graduate International".

• "ESCP EUROPE - Torino". TopUniversities. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• Warsaw Campus - escpeurope.eu

• Mansoor Iqbal (2 December 2015). "The 10 Top European Business Schools According to International Recruiters". TopMBA. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "The University of Antwerp, Belgium". TheCompleteUniversity. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "BBS History".

• Ginibrière, Gaëlle (14 May 2013). "Business Schools: Rouen and Reims unite to view larger". Lefigaro (in French). Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Wharton History". The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2012-06-03.

• "Haas School of Business". Haas School of Business. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

• "History of Haas". Haas School of Business. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

• "Chicago Booth School of Business". Chicago Booth School of Business. Retrieved 2 Dec 2014.

• "HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management". Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-12-19.

• "Definition: Betriebswirtschaftlehre (BWL)" (in German). Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon. Retrieved 10 June 2012.

• Tuck School of Business | History. Tuck.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-26.

• "Birmingham Business School". The Independent. London. 2010-12-12.

• History | Desautels. mcgill.ca

• "History of the School". SGH. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

• "1908-1917 | Kellogg School of Management | Northwestern University". www.kellogg.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-20.

• "History of the MBA MBA Friday Facts". www.topmba.com.

• Kaplan, Andreas M (2014). "European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools". European Management Journal. 32: 529–534. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006.

• "HANKEN Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration". Helsinki. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2018-12-19.

• "Kelley School of Business History".

• "Chicago Booth History". Chicago Booth School of Business. Retrieved 19 Jan 2017.

• "The growth and development of NHH". www.nhh.no. Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-01.

• Gonzales, Angela (2007-02-05). "Thunderbird school changes name as it seizes new opportunities – Phoenix Business Journal". Phoenix.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Thunderbird history showcased through Arizona Memory Project – Thunderbird School of Global Management". Thunderbird.edu. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Wits Business School". MBA.co.za. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Gordon Institute of Business Science". GIBS. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• XLRI- Xavier School of Management

• Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management

• "History - Faculty of Management Studies". fms.edu.

• "Institute of Business Administration - Karachi". iba.edu.pk.

• "IEDC – Bled School of Management". The Independent. London. 2010-12-21.

• "Charmed by China". Business Because. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "The Denver MBA".

• "Lincoln Electric Co". Harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Google Inc". Harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Chapter 1.2. A Model for Strategic Planning, Analyzing Cases and Decision Making". Mbatoolbox.org. 2006-02-22. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• Yumlembam, Dayananda. "MICA innovation to help Harvard business school sharpen teaching tools". Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 9 November 2015. When Harvard Business School was started, its faculty members realized that there were no textbooks suitable to a graduate program in business. That was when they decided to use case studies which are detailed accounts of innovative methods and practices that managers follow.

• Kolowich, Steve (29 June 2012). "Online Learning and Liberal Arts Colleges". Inside Highered. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Bisk Education". bisk.com.

• "Liberal arts college explore uses of 'blended' online learning - InsideHigherEd.com". insidehighered.com.

• J. Scott Armstrong (2012). "Natural Learning in Higher Education". Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning.

• Schreuder, Hein, Jeannet, Jean-Pierre. From Coal to Biotech The Transformation of DSM with Business School Support. ISBN 9783662462997. Retrieved 9 February 2017.

• "Which MBA?". Economist. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Eduniversal Rating: Palmes Of Excellence". Eduniversal Ranking. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

• "Best Undergraduate Business Programs | Rankings | US News". Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. Archived from the original on 2009-08-26. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Best Business School Rankings | MBA Program Rankings | US News". Grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Business school rankings from the Financial Times - Global MBA Rankings 2012". Rankings.ft.com. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Business Schools". Businessweek. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "Business Schools - MBA Rankings and Executive Education Programs - Wsj.com". Online.wsj.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2012-03-22.

• "From Best Business School to Best MBA Fit for You". Best Match. Retrieved 2014-05-01.

• J. Scott Armstrong (1994). "Learning versus Teaching: Reply to Commentaries" (PDF). Interfaces. 24: 39–43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-27. Retrieved 2012-02-06.

• "Business School Prestige – Research versus Teaching" (PDF). Journal of Marketing. American Marketing Association. 59: 101–106. 1995. [permanent dead link]

• J. Scott Armstrong and Tad Sperry (1994). "Book Reviewed: Peter Robinson, Snapshots from Hell, New York: Warner Books, 1994" (PDF). Interfaces. 24: 13–43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-20.

Oklahoma (/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (listen);[25] Cherokee: ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ, ogalahoma;[26] Choctaw: Oklahumma)[27] is a state in the South Central region of the United States,[28] bordered by Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, Texas on the south, New Mexico on the west, and Colorado on the northwest. It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the fifty United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people".[29] It is also known informally by its nickname, "The Sooner State", in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which dramatically increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory. Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16, 1907. Its residents are known as Oklahomans (or colloquially, "Okies"), and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

State of Oklahoma
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Native America, Land of the Red Man, Sooner State
Motto(s): Labor omnia vincit (Latin: Work conquers all)
State song(s): "Oklahoma (Rodgers and Hammerstein song), Oklahoma Hills"
Official language	English (Choctaw official within Choctaw Nation, Cherokee official within Cherokee Nation and UKB)[1][2][3]
Demonym	Oklahoman; Okie (colloq.)
Capital (and largest city)	Oklahoma City
Largest metro	Greater Oklahoma City
Area	Ranked 20th
 • Total	69,899 sq mi (181,040 km2)
 • Width	230 miles (370 km)
 • Length	465 miles (749 km)
 • % water	1.9
 • Latitude	33°37' N to 37° N
 • Longitude	94° 26' W to 103° W
Population	Ranked 28th
 • Total	3,943,079 (2018)
 • Density	55.2/sq mi  (21.3/km2) Ranked 35th
 • Median household income	$50,051[4] (44th)
Elevation
 • Highest point	Black Mesa[5][6] 4,975 ft (1516 m)
 • Mean	1,300 ft  (400 m)
 • Lowest point	Little River at Arkansas border[5][6] 289 ft (88 m)
Before statehood	Indian Territory (1834–1907) Oklahoma Territory (1890–1907)
Admitted to the Union	November 16, 1907 (46th)
Governor	Kevin Stitt (R)
Lieutenant Governor	Matt Pinnell (R)
Legislature	Oklahoma Legislature
 • Upper house	Senate
 • Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Jim Inhofe (R) James Lankford (R)
U.S. House delegation	4 Republicans 1 Democrat (list)
Time zones	Â
 • all of state (legally)	Central: UTC -6/-5
 • Kenton (informally)	Mountain: UTC -7/-6
ISO 3166	US-OK
Abbreviations	OK, Okla.
Website	www.ok.gov

Oklahoma state symbols
The Flag of Oklahoma
The Seal of Oklahoma
Living insignia
Amphibian	Bullfrog[7]
Bird	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher[8]
Fish	Sand bass[9]
Flower	Oklahoma Rose Wildflower: Indian Blanket
Grass	Indian Grass
Insect	European honey bee
Mammal	American bison[10]
Reptile	Mountain Boomer
Tree	Redbud
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk[11]
Colors	White and green (vice versa)
Dance	Waltz: Oklahoma Wind
Dinosaur	Acrocanthosaurus atokensis[12]
Folk dance	Square dance
Fossil	Saurophaganax maximus[13]
Instrument	Drum[14]
Rock	Rose Rock
Soil	Port Silt Loam
Tartan	Oklahoma Tartan
Other	Cartoon: Gusty created by Don Woods, Oklahoma's first professional meteorologist, used on KTUL-TV from 1954 to 1989.[15][16] Fruit: Strawberry[17] Vegetable: Watermelon[18][19] Game bird: Wild turkey[20] Monument: Golden Driller[21] Rock song: "Do You Realize??" by The Flaming Lips[22] Theater group: Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma[23][8]
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2008, as part of the state quarters series. Oklahoma's state bird flying above its state wildflower.[24]
Lists of United States state symbols

A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.[30] Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas.[31]

With ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, a region prone to severe weather.[32] More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma,[33] ranking third behind Alaska and California.

Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives, a destination for Southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans.

Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food.[30] The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat.[131] Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma,[132] and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation,[133] with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.[134]

In 2010, Oklahoma City-based Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores ranked 18th on the Forbes list of largest private companies, Tulsa-based QuikTrip ranked 37th, and Oklahoma City-based Hobby Lobby ranked 198th in 2010 report.[135] Oklahoma's gross domestic product grew from $131.9 billion in 2006 to $147.5 billion in 2010, a jump of 10.6 percent.[136] Oklahoma's gross domestic product per capita was $35,480 in 2010, which was ranked 40th among the states.[137]

Though oil has historically dominated the state's economy, a collapse in the energy industry during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy-related jobs between 1980 and 2000, severely damaging the local economy.[138] Oil accounted for 35 billion dollars in Oklahoma's economy in 2007,[139] and employment in the state's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007.[140] As of July 2017, the state's unemployment rate is 4.4%.[141]

With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008.[159] Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009–10 school year.[160] Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, and was 47th in the nation in expenditures per student,[159] though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.[161]

The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling.[162] High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate.[163] In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among Southern states.[164][165] According to a study conducted by the Pell Institute, Oklahoma ranks 48th in college-participation for low-income students.[166]

The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, the University of Central Oklahoma, and Northeastern State University are the largest public institutions of higher education in Oklahoma, operating through one primary campus and satellite campuses throughout the state. The two state universities, along with Oklahoma City University and the University of Tulsa, rank among the country's best in undergraduate business programs.[167]

Oklahoma City University School of Law, University of Oklahoma College of Law, and University of Tulsa College of Law are the state's only ABA accredited institutions. Both University of Oklahoma and University of Tulsa are Tier 1 institutions, with the University of Oklahoma ranked 68th and the University of Tulsa ranked 86th in the nation.[168]

Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities,[169] including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River,[170] also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma[171] and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount.[170][172] Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007,[173] and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by Oklahoma's CareerTech program for training in specific fields of industry or trade.[159]

In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). National average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.[174]

Beginning on April 2, 2018, tens of thousands of K–12 public school teachers went on strike due to lack of funding. According to the National Education Association, teachers in Oklahoma had ranked 49th out of the 50 states in terms of teacher pay in 2016. The Oklahoma Legislature had passed a measure a week earlier to raise teacher salaries by $6,100, but it fell short of the $10,000 raise for teachers, $5,000 raise for other school employees, and $200 million increase in extra education funding many had sought.[175]

• "Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB" (PDF). Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014.

• "UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language" (PDF). United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2017.

• "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2014.

• "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 9, 2016.

• "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• "Oklahoma State Amphibian - Bullfrog". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Icons". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State Fish - White Bass". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Animal - Buffalo". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Beverage - Milk". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Dinosaur - Acrocanthosaurus atokensis". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Fossil". State fossils. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State Percussive Instrument - Drum". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• Oklahoma Statutes, §25–98.8

• "Oklahoma State Cartoon Character - Gusty". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Symbols and Emblems – Complete list of Oklahoma state symbols including the state flag and state seal from NETSTATE.COM". Netstate.com. Retrieved November 18, 2015.

• "Watermelon State Vegetable". State Symbols USA. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• Matthew Weaver. "It's a scandal: Oklahoma declares watermelon a vegetable". the Guardian.

• "Oklahoma State Game Bird - Wild Turkey". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "Oklahoma State Monument - Golden Driller". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• John Benson, (April 28, 2009). "Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor". Reuters.

• "Oklahoma State Theater Group - Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma". State Symbols USA. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

• "New Oklahoma Quarter Launches into History". United States Mint. Retrieved February 9, 2008.

• "Oklahoma". Dictionary.com. Retrieved August 10, 2007.

• "Oklahoma, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ". Cherokee-English Dictionary. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

• "Chahta Okla, The Choctaw People". www.choctawnation.com. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

• "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• Wright, Muriel (June 1936). "Chronicles of Oklahoma". Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Oklahoma at a Glance" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (csv) on July 10, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2007.

• "Oklahoma, All Terrain Vacation". TravelOK. TravelOK.com. January 12, 2006. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006. Retrieved July 15, 2006.

• Greymorning, Stephen. "Profiles of Native American Education Programs". Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 10, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State History and Information". A Look at Oklahoma. Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation. 2007. Archived from the original on July 29, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2006.

• Merserve, John (1941). "Chief Allen Wright". Chronicles of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on May 7, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2006.

• ""River", Southband Pawnee". American Indian Studies Research Institute. Retrieved May 26, 2012.

• "Cayuga: Our Oral Legacy". Cayuga Digital Dictionary. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

• "Dictionary of the Arapaho Language". studylib.net. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

• "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. September 2012. pp. V–2, 1 & 41 (Tables 1 & 18). Retrieved October 11, 2018.

• "A Tapestry of Time and Terrain". United States Geological Survey. April 17, 2003. Archived from the original on May 15, 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "The Geography of Oklahoma". Netstate. July 31, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State Map Collection". geology.com. 2006. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Arndt, Derek (January 1, 2003). "The Climate of Oklahoma". Oklahoma Climatological Survey. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Managing Upland Forests of the Midsouth". USD Forest Service. March 7, 2007. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "About Oklahoma". TravelOK.com. 2007. Archived from the original on July 7, 2006. Retrieved July 10, 2006.

• "Oklahoma in Brief" (PDF). State of Oklahoma. 2003. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "A Look at Oklahoma: A Student's Guide" (PDF). State of Oklahoma. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2006. Retrieved August 14, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Ecoregional Maps". Oklahoma Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Oklahoma State Parks". Oklahoma Parks Department. 2004. Archived from the original on July 27, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Oklahoma National Park Guide". National Park Service. 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "National Forests". United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. May 1, 2005. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Ouachita National Forest". United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. May 10, 2005. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Tallgrass Prairie Preserve". The Nature Conservatory. 2007. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Black Kettle National Grassland". USDA Forest Service. July 24, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Refuge Locator Map – Oklahoma". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved August 17, 2007.

• "Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved August 17, 2007.

• "Chickasaw National Recreation Area – Park Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved January 16, 2010.

• "Oklahoma's Climate: an Overview" (PDF). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Tornado Climatology". NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved October 24, 2006.

• "News | November 11, 1911: A Palindrome to Remember". Mesonet. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

• "The Tornado Outbreak of April 27–28, 1912". National Weather Service. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 20, 2013.

• Oklahoma Water Resources Board Archived July 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

• Novy, Chris. "SPC and its Products". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Weather And Climate". UStravelweather.com. 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Weather Averages: Lawton, Oklahoma". MSN Weather. Retrieved August 13, 2007.

• Palino, Valerie. "Early Man in North America: The Known to the Unknown". Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "The Historic Spiro Mounds". Spiro Area Chamber of Commerce. 2007. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Prehistory of Oklahoma". rootsweb. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Oklahoma's History". Government of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "French and Spanish Explorations". rootsweb. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Len Green. "Choctaw Removal was really a "Trail of Tears"". Bishinik, mboucher, University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.

• Carter, Samuel (III) (1976). Cherokee sunset: A nation betrayed: a narrative of travail and triumph, persecution and exile. New York: Doubleday, p. 232.

• "1890 Indian Territory Map". RootsWeb. Retrieved May 6, 2009.

• "Wayback Machine" (PDF). February 1, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2016.

• Rodman, Leslie. The Five Civilized Tribes and the American Civil War (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2011.

• Hornsby, Jr., Alton (2008). A Companion to African American History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-4051-3735-5.

• "Map of Cattle Drives in 1881". Genealogy Trails History Group. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Hamilton, Robert. "United States and Native American Relations". Florida Gulf Coast University. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Factors Influencing Enrollment in Agricultural Education Classes of Native American Students in Oklahoma". Oklahoma State University. 1999. Archived from the original (DOC) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Rushes to Statehood". National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Clem Rogers". Will Rogers Museum Association. Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Pub.L. 59–233, H.R. 16946, 35 Stat. 267, enacted June 16, 1906

• 35 Stat. 2160

• "Tulsa Area History". Tulsa County Library. Archived from the original on January 8, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2007.

• "The Father of Route 66". University of Virginia. Retrieved April 20, 2007.

• Oxman, Steven (May 30, 2000). "The Tulsa Lynching of 1921: A Hidden Story". Variety Magazine. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

• "Tulsa Race Riot, A Report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, February 28, 2001" (PDF). Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2008.

• O'Dell, Larry. "Ku klux klan". Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 9, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

• "1930s Dust Bowl". Cimarron County Chamber of Commerce. August 5, 2005. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "History of the States: Oklahoma, The Sooner State". The History Channel. 2007. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.

• "Oklahoma City Tragedy". CNN. 1996. Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Sutton, Joe (April 28, 2016). "Seven dead after record-setting floods in Texas, Kansas – KPAX.com | Continuous News | Missoula & Western Montana". KPAX.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Texas and Oklahoma Set All-Time Record Wet Month; Other May Rain Records Shattered in Arkansas, Nebraska". Weather.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2014.

• "QuickFacts Oklahoma; UNITED STATES". 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.

• "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2014.

• "Population of Oklahoma: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts".

• 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data". Census.gov. Retrieved April 23, 2014.

• Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer.

• "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "Oklahoma QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. January 12, 2006. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2008.

• David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.602–645

• Dominic Pulera (2004). Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America. A&C Black. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8264-1643-8.

• Paul Monies, Oklahoma's foreign-born population continues to grow in most counties, The Oklahoman (January 9, 2011).

• "2010 Census Centers of Population by State". U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2011.

• "State Personal Income 2006". United States Department of Commerce. March 27, 2007. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "More or Less". Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. 2007. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Census Data Center News" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Per capita income in Tulsa County highest in state". Tulsa World. November 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

• "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2017". U.S. Census Bureau. July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

• "GCT-PH1 – Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – State — Place and (in selected states) County Subdivision". 2010 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 8, 2016.

• "Oklahoma: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). 2010 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. September 2012. p. III-2. Retrieved September 3, 2016.

• "Oklahoma Statutes Citationized Title 11. Cities and Towns Chapter 1 – Oklahoma Municipal Code Article Article IV – Incorporation of Cities Section 4-101 – Petition for Incorporation of City – Contents". oscn.net. Retrieved July 6, 2017.

• "2016 Oklahoma Statutes Title 11. Cities and Towns". law.justia.com. Retrieved July 6, 2017.

• "Oklahoma Statutes Citationized Title 11. Cities and Towns Chapter 1 – Oklahoma Municipal Code Article Article V – City Incorporating as a Town Section 5-101 – City Incorporating as a Town – Procedure". oscn.net. Retrieved July 6, 2017.

• "Biggest US Cities By Population - Oklahoma - 2017 Populations". American FactFinder2. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 25, 2019.

• "Oklahoma votes to make English official language". News OK. November 2, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2014.

• "Oklahoma-Languages". City-data.com. 2000. Retrieved May 17, 2014.

• "Cherokee". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2014.

• "Languages – Oklahoma". City-data.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics - Pew Research Center".

• "Current Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). ok.gov. January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.

• Bram, Thursday. "Jewish Life in the Bible Belt". New Voices Magazine. Archived from the original on January 21, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• Sherman, Bill (April 29, 2007). "Minister's book plunges into cultural issues". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• "U.S. Religious Landscapes Survey". The Pew Forum on Religion and Life. Retrieved April 22, 2008.

• "LDS Statistics and Church Facts | Total Church Membership". www.mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved July 31, 2017.

• "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report". thearda.com. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

• "State Membership Report – Oklahoma". Association of Religion Data Archives. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• Wagner, Peter; Sawyer, Wendy (June 2018). "States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2018". Prison Policy Initiative.

• Sweeney, Catherine (November 27, 2018). "Growth of Oklahoma's Prison Population Slows". The Journal Record.

• "State Fact Sheets: Oklahoma". United States Department of Agriculture. July 3, 2007. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• globalEDGE Michigan State University. "Oklahoma:Corporations". Retrieved September 27, 2011.

• "An Overview Of Oklahoma's Target Industries". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on July 23, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Ellis, David (2007). "Tax Friendly Places 2007". CNN Money. Retrieved August 8, 2007.

• "America's Largest Private Companies: Complete List". Forbes. Retrieved September 30, 2011.

• "GDP by state current dollars". US Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2011.

• "Per capita real GDP by state". US Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2011.

• Snead, Mark (2006). "Outlook Update – OKC GM Plant Closing" (PDF). Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 1, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2007.

• "The Economic Impact of Oklahoma's Oil & Natural Gas Industry" (PDF). Oklahoma Energy Resource Board. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• "Oklahoma Economy at a Glance". United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. July 1, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011.

• Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics

• "American's TUL Maintenance & Engineering Base Sets Goal to Achieve $500 Million in Revenue, Cost Savings By End of 2006". American Airlines. Archived from the original on October 1, 2005. Retrieved July 14, 2007.

• "Impact of Trade in Oklahoma" (PDF). United States Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Manufacturing Cluster Analysis" (PDF). Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Baker Hughes Rotary Rigs by State" (PDF). Baker Hughes. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• Oklahoma Geological Survey. "Oklahoma Oil and Natural Gas: Components and Long-Term Outlook" (PDF). Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• United States Department of Energy. "Installed Wind Capacity by State". Archived from the original (xls) on October 16, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• "Oklahoma Energy Statistics". US Energy Information Administration. 2009. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• "Energy Consumption by Source and Total Consumption per Capita, Ranked by State, 2009". US Energy Information Administration. 2009. Archived from the original on October 21, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• Institute for Energy Research. "Oklahoma Energy Facts" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• "2009 Report on Oil and Natural Gas Activity within the State of Oklahoma" (PDF). Oklahoma Corporation Commission. 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2011.

• "STACK & SCOOP Overview - Maps - Geology - Counties". www.shaleexperts.com.

• "Three Of America's Largest Private Companies Call Oklahoma Home". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. December 2, 2005. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Three Fortune's Snapshot: Devon energy". CNN. 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "OG&E Energy, A History of Positive Energy". OG&E Energy. 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2013.

• EIA (July 27, 2012). "Electric Power Monthly Table 1.17.A". United States Department of Energy. Retrieved August 15, 2012.

• EIA (July 27, 2012). "Electric Power Monthly Table 1.17.B". United States Department of Energy. Retrieved August 15, 2012.

• "A Welcome From The Commissioner". Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. Archived from the original on May 30, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.

• "2008–09 Facts: Oklahoma Public Schools" (PDF). Oklahoma State Department of Education. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2012.

• "Public Elementary and Secondary School Student Enrollment, High School Completions and Staff from the Common Core of Data, School Year 2009–10" (PDF). IES, National Center for Education Statistics. p. 11. Retrieved January 22, 2012.

• "Growth in Oklahoma's State Governments 1992–2002" (PDF). University of Central Oklahoma. February 1, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

• "Superintendent Garrett announces Oklahoma No. 1 in Pre-Kindergarten". Oklahoma State Department of Education. November 19, 2004. Archived from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

• "Trends in High School Dropout and Completion Rates in the United States: 1972–2009" (PDF). IES, National Center for Education Statistics. pp. 7–8, 37. Retrieved January 22, 2012.

• "High school diploma or higher, by percentage by state". Statemaster.com. 2004. Retrieved August 20, 2007.

• "Missouri and the Nation". University of Missouri. February 9, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

• "College study should concern Oklahoma policymakers". The Oklahoman. Retrieved May 30, 2018.

• "America's Best Colleges – 2007". Oklahoma Education Information System. 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

• "Best Law Schools". U.S. News. 2013. Archived from the original on July 13, 2013. Retrieved July 12, 2013.

• "Student Center Financial Aid". Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 2008. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.

• "NSU Demographics" (PDF). Northeastern State University. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2008.

• "Rare Eye Condition Takes Center Stage At NSUOCO". Northeastern State University. 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.

• "INBRE Participants". Oklahoma Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.

• "OBU Named to The Princeton Review "Best in the West" list". Oklahoma Baptist University. August 26, 2005. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Colleges: A Profile of College Degree Programs & Post-Secondary Education in Oklahoma".

• "Fed up with school spending cuts, Oklahoma teachers walk out". The Washington Post. April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2018.

• "Native Now : Language: Cherokee". We Shall Remain – American Experience – PBS. 2008. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.

• "Cherokee Language Revitalization". Cherokee Preservation Foundation. 2014. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.

• Chavez, Will (April 5, 2012). "Immersion students win trophies at language fair". Cherokeephoenix.org. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

• Lew, Allen. "What is geography?". Northern Arizona University. Archived from the original on May 10, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• Greene, Wayne. "Largest Ancestry". Valparaiso University. Archived from the original on March 5, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• Smith, Diane. "Universities partner to save dying languages". Associated Press. June 2011. Retrieved on October 23, 2015.

• "Oklahoma Quick Facts". Oklahoma Department of Tourism. 2007. Archived from the original on May 17, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Fodor's Choice: Top Overlooked Destinations". Fodor's Magazine. 2007. Archived from the original on April 5, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Travel Industry Association Information". Oklahoma Travel Industry Association. 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007. [dead link]

• "Generosity Index 2006 (2004 data)". Catalogue for Philanthropy. 2006. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.

• "Filmmaker to share documentary chronicling local poet's life". Sacramento State University. February 25, 2003. Retrieved April 4, 2008.

• Greene, Wayne (July 15, 2007). "Oklahoma centennial quiz". Tulsa World. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• "Museums of Oklahoma". Tufts University. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "Oklahoma – A Great Place to Play". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. 2007. Archived from the original on June 27, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Oklahoma's Diversity". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. 2007. Archived from the original on June 27, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Mozart Festival". OK Mozart Festival. 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Ballet Russes". Geller/Goldfine Productions. 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2014.

• "Capri Films" (PDF). Geller/Goldfine Productions. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2008.

• "Honors and Awards". Discoveryland!. Archived from the original on April 5, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007.

• World's own Service. "Ridge Bond, Oklahoman – Tulsa World: Archives". Tulsa World. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Oklahoma Today February–March 1998 Volume 48 No. 2: 1997 Year in Review" (PDF). Digital.library.okstate.edu. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Oklahoma! : Rodgers & Hammerstein : Show Details". Rnh.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Photographic image : Berliner Festwochen : Oklahoma!" (JPG). Ridgebond.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Ridge Bond Archives – Images". Ridgebond.com. September 21, 1951. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "OHS Podcasts". Okhistory.org. March 24, 2012. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "December 2013 Oklahoma: Magazine of the Oklahoma Heritage Association by Oklahoma Hall of Fame". Issuu. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• "Musical Actor to Be Honored With Hall of Fame Award". News OK. November 7, 1993. Retrieved June 3, 2016.

• Elliott, Matt (March 25, 2007). "Cain's Ballroom – A Music Icon: Venue is a landmark for Western swing, punk fans". Tulsa World. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• Stancavage, John (July 15, 2006). "Selling Tulsa: Branded". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "The All-Terrain Vacation". Travelok.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2006. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art, Travel OK". Travelok.com. Retrieved November 22, 2011.

• "About the Museum". Oklahoma City Museum of Art. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Sherwin Miller Museum of Judaism". Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art. Archived from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved April 20, 2006.

• Cross, Robert S. (September 7, 2006). "100 and 1: State's centennial is named top-ranked bus-tour destination". Tulsa World. Retrieved July 2, 2016.

• "Oklahoma State Fair Opens September 14" (PDF). Oklahoma State Fair. September 11, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2007.

• "Tulsa State Fair – General Information". Tulsa State Fair. 2007. Archived from the original on August 28, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2007.

• Bell, Leigh (May 21, 2007). "Mayfest: Celebrating Downtown: Festival closes after big year". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2007.

• Harrison, Daniel. "Top 10: American Oktoberfest Destinations". Ask Men. Retrieved May 5, 2007.

• "Medieval Fair of Norman". Medieval Fair of Norman. 2010. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2010.

• "WNBA Approves Relocation of Shock from Tulsa to Dallas-Fort Worth" (Press release). Women's National Basketball Association. July 23, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "WNBA's Dallas Wings Introduced in DFW Metroplex" (Press release). Women's National Basketball Association. November 2, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• Hibdon, Glenn (July 29, 2007). "Pro soccer: Soccer comes to Tulsa". Tulsa World. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "BA Team Valuations – No. 29 New Orleans Hornets". PGA. January 25, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "Sonics, city reach settlement". The Seattle Times. July 2, 2008. Archived from the original on June 3, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2008.

• "Big 12 Conference – One True Champion". Big 12 Conference. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "Attendance Records" (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2011.

• "America's Best Sports Colleges: 1–10". Sports Illustrated. October 7, 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "America's Best Sports Colleges: 11–100". Sports Illustrated. October 7, 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "About TU". Tulsa Golden Hurricane. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "Home Page". Oral Roberts Golden Eagles. Retrieved November 9, 2015. Move the cursor over "Sports" on the menu to see a list of varsity sports; football is not listed.

• "Oral Roberts". The Summit League. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "Home Page". Great American Conference. Retrieved November 9, 2015. Move the cursor over "The GAC" on the menu to see a list of members; six members are from Oklahoma.

• "About the Heartland Conference". Heartland Conference. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "Lone Star Conference History". Lone Star Conference. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "About the MIAA". Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

• "NAIA Member Schools: Oklahoma". National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved November 10, 2015.

• "Oklahoma's Top 10 Private Golf Courses". Tulsaweb. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "Southern Hills Country Club is rich in History". PGA. 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2007.

• "Rodeo History". Guymon Rodeo Foundation. Archived from the original on May 25, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2007.

• "Health Report: Oklahoma". Trust for America's Health. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "State health workforce profiles:Oklahoma" (PDF). United States Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Health insurance, lack of coverage among adults: State, 2002–2005". United States Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved September 8, 2007.

• "U.S. Obesity Trends". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on August 25, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2009.

• Hitti, Miranda (June 13, 2007). "How States Rank on Health Care". WebMD Health News. Retrieved January 26, 2012.

• "OU Medical Center Employment Opportunities". University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Trauma One Center". University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on July 21, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Southwestern Regional Medical Center". Cancer Treatment Centers of America. Retrieved May 7, 2007.

• "Tulsa Regional Medical Center Changes its name to OSU Medical Center". Oklahoma State University. 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Basic Biomedical Research in the OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine". Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "2011 Top Media Outlets: Newspapers, Blogs, Consumer Magazines & Social Network" (PDF). BurrellesLuce. 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2011.

• "Local Television Market Universe Estimates Comparisons of 2008–09 and 2009–10 Market Ranks" (PDF). Nielsen Media. Retrieved October 17, 2011.

• "Historical Highlights of Television in Tulsa, Oklahoma". Tulsa TV History. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

• "U.S. Television Stations in Oklahoma". Global Computing. 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

• "History of Newspapers in Oklahoma". Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Fun Facts". Legends of America. 2007. Archived from the original on November 7, 2006. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

• "Complete List of Radio Stations in the State of OK". On the Radio.net. 2006. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

• Federal Communications Commission. "Call Sign History". Retrieved May 16, 2010.

• "Transportation in Oklahoma City". Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce. 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Route 66 – Facts and Trivia". Legends of America. 2007. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "2008 Annual Average Daily Traffic" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. 2008. Retrieved September 28, 2011.

• "Deficient Bridges by State and Highway System". United States Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration. 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2011.

• "Aviation Activity Report December 2010" (PDF). Oklahoma City Airport Authority. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2011.

• "Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) and All-Cargo Data for U.S. Airports" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.

• "Tulsa International Airport – Airline Information". Tulsa Airport Authority. 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Will Rogers World Airports – Airline Information". Oklahoma City Airport Authority. 2004. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Riverside Jones Airport". Tulsa Airport Authority. 2007. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.

• "Airports of Oklahoma". Oklahoma Airport Operators Association. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• Barber, Brian (January 18, 2007). "Federal matching funds may help bring Amtrak to Tulsa". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

• "Live in Tulsa". Tulsa Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Archived from the original on May 25, 2007. Retrieved July 14, 2007.

• "What's new at the port?". Tulsa Port Authority. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2007.

• "State Government – Oklahoma". GoveEngine.com. 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

• "Current Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). State of Oklahoma. January 15, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.

• "The Execution State?". Oklahoma Watch. February 21, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2013.

• "Oklahoma State Government". Netstate. June 7, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Legislative Longevity Limits". U.S. Term Limits. Archived from the original on September 20, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2007.

• "Report of the Governor's Commission on Government Performance". Governor's Commission. December 1, 1995. Archived from the original on April 29, 2007. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

• "List of County Officers". Government of Oklahoma. January 6, 2006. Archived from the original on May 31, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• "Oklahoma Municipal Government" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Libraries. 2005. Retrieved August 7, 2007.

• Diehl, Don (July 24, 2007). "Metro About Jenks population figures ... doubled in size since 2000 census". Neighbor Newspapers. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007.

• Henry, Robert (March 22, 1989). "Oklahoma Attorney General's Opinions: Question Submitted by: The Honorable Enoch Kelly Haney, Oklahoma State Senate". The Oklahoma State Courts Network. Retrieved August 21, 2007.

• Robertson, Lindsay (2001). "Native Americans and the Law: Native Americans Under Current United States Law". University of Oklahoma. Retrieved August 21, 2007.

• Leip, David. "Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Oklahoma". US Election Atlas. Retrieved December 29, 2009.

• "Registration by Party as of January 15, 2015" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board. Retrieved February 6, 2015.

• Dems woo Native American vote. Politico. Published 5/29/08.

• Oklahoma Department of Commerce. "2000–2010 Oklahoma Incorporated Place Populations". Archived from the original (xls) on May 20, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2011.

• "P1 Total Population All Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or parts) within Oklahoma". US Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2011.

• "OCIS Document Index". The Oklahoma Supreme Court Network. Retrieved May 11, 2007.

• "Oklahoma House approves 'In God We Trust' for state motto". newsok.com. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

        School Description

Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/BA	Master of Business Administration
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Master of Business Administration program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action. The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation. Learning teams will apply the principles of benchmarking throughout the program to research the most creative solutions to a problem. This will enrich the alternatives that learners consider in evaluating possible solutions to the problems. The MBA consists of 39 credit hours and includes three proficiency courses (MBA 501, MBA 502, MBA 503) which may be satisfied using an undergraduate business degree, undergraduate coursework or graduate coursework. Students may also waive an additional nine credits using graduate courses and may qualify for a 21-credit hour residency. :: Concentration: Administration :: Campus    ::  Location: Oklahoma City, OK ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
BA/BA	Master of Business Administration
School: University of Phoenix Program: The Master of Business Administration program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action. The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation. Learning teams will apply the principles of benchmarking throughout the program to research the most creative solutions to a problem. This will enrich the alternatives that learners consider in evaluating possible solutions to the problems. The MBA consists of 39 credit hours and includes three proficiency courses (MBA 501, MBA 502, MBA 503) which may be satisfied using an undergraduate business degree, undergraduate coursework or graduate coursework. Students may also waive an additional nine credits using graduate courses and may qualify for a 21-credit hour residency. :: Concentration: Administration :: Campus    ::  Location: Tulsa, OK ::  more info

top

Business Adminstration -Select a State
Arizona	Maryland	Pennsylvania
Vancouver, BC	Michigan	Puerto Rico
California	Missouri	Texas
Colorado	New Mexico	Utah
Florida	Nevada	Washington
Hawaii	Ohio	Wisconsin
Idaho	Oklahoma
Louisiana	Oregon	Online Programs

School Description

master of business administration (MBA)

Oklahoma Listing

The Masters in Business Administration (MBA) develops students for the role managers play in defining business problems, assessing information, considering alternatives, and choosing the best solution.

To prepare students for this decision-marketing role, the MBA has been designed to introduce the theory or principles that frame a wide range of problems or issues in each of the courses. The most current techniques or tools are applied to these theories to allow students to practice marketing decisions to solve a wide range of problems.

top

Master of Business Administration (MBA) Sponsors

| Technical and Non-Technical Degrees | Chubb Institute | DeVry University | University of Phoenix | DeVry Keller University | College Searching

College Searching Sponsors

debt consolidation | University Online Degree | Home Remodeling | debt help | General Links |

about | contact | sitemap

College Searching and Online Degrees offer Associate, Bachelor, Masters and Ph.D. degrees in automotive, teaching, finance, internet technology, accounting, marketing, Master of Business Administration (MBA), nursing, computer science, fashion and graphic design, and much more!