Get Your Degree Online!

:: Information Systems

In the United States, a certificate may be offered by an institute of higher education. These certificates usually signify that a student has reached a standard of knowledge about a certain vocational or professional subject. Certificate programs can be completed more quickly than associate degrees and often do not have general education requirements. Undergraduate certificates represent completion of a specific program offered in coordination with a bachelors degree. Graduate certificates represent completion of studies beyond the bachelor's degree, yet short of a masters degree.

In the State of Maryland, a Certificate of Merit was, until recently, issued to graduating high-school seniors who met certain academic requirements (such as completion of advanced courses and a cumulative GPA of 3.00); the statewide certificate has since been replaced by "endorsements" defined by each local school system.[3]

It also may be awarded as a necessary certification to validate that a student is considered competent in a certain specific networking skill area in information technology. Thus a computer engineer or computer science graduation most likely will have to obtain additional certificates on and pertaining to the specific technologies or equipment used by the hiring corporation; if not, such employer may suffer unwanted penalties like foregoing (voiding the contract) the protections of a certain level of customer service or warranties.

A certification is a third-party attestation of an individual's level of knowledge or proficiency in a certain industry or profession. They are granted by authorities in the field, such as professional societies and universities, or by private certificate-granting agencies. Most certifications are time-limited; some expire after a period of time (e.g., the lifetime of a product that required certification for use), while others can be renewed indefinitely as long as certain requirements are met. Renewal usually requires ongoing education to remain up-to-date on advancements in the field, evidenced by earning the specified number of continuing education credits (CECs), or continuing education units (CEUs), from approved professional development courses.

Many certification programs are affiliated with professional associations, trade organizations, or private vendors interested in raising industry standards. Certificate programs are often created or endorsed by professional associations, but are typically completely independent from membership organizations. Certifications are very common in fields such as aviation, construction, technology, environment, and other industrial sectors, as well as healthcare, business, real estate, and finance.

According to The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs (1997) by Phillip Barnhart, "certifications are portable, since they do not depend on one company's definition of a certain job" and they provide protential employers with "an impartial, third-party endorsement of an individual's professional knowledge and experience".[1]

Certification is different from professional licensure. In the United States, licenses are typically issued by state agencies, whereas certifications are usually awarded by professional societies or educational institutes. Obtaining a certificate is voluntary in some fields, but in others, certification from a government-accredited agency may be legally required to perform certain jobs or tasks. In other countries, licenses are typically granted by professional societies or universities and require a certificate after about three to five years and so on thereafter. The assessment process for certification may be more comprehensive than that of licensure, though sometimes the assessment process is very similar or even the same, despite differing in terms of legal status.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines the standard for being a certifying agency as meeting the following two requirements:

1. Delivering an assessment based on industry knowledge that is independent from training courses or course providers
2. Granting a time-limited credential to anyone who meets the assessment standards

The Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE) is a U.S.-based organization that sets standards for the accreditation of personnel certification and certificate programs based on the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, a joint publication of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Many members of the Association of Test Publishers (ATP) are also certification organizations.

• Phillip Barnhart, The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs (1997), HRD Press. ISBN 0-8493-9960-2 Retrieved electronically 7 July 2009.

• Master of Professional Studies in Real Estate. "Advanced Professional Certificate in Real Estate | Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies". Scs.georgetown.edu. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.

• "Certificate Programs". lesley.edu.

Information systems (IS) are formal, sociotechnical, organizational systems designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. In a sociotechnical perspective, information systems are composed by four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology.

A computer information system is a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information. The term is also sometimes used in more restricted senses to refer to only the software used to run a computerized database or to refer to only a computer system.

Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and the aforementioned communication networks.

Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision-making. An information system is the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.

Alter argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans or machines perform processes and activities using resources to produce specific products or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying information.

As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.

Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics.

New York is a state in the Northeastern United States. New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States. With an estimated 19.54 million residents in 2018,[4] it is the fourth most populous state. To distinguish the state from the city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.

State of New York
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The Empire State
Motto(s): Excelsior (in Latin)[1] Ever upward
State song(s): "I Love New York"
Official language	None
Spoken languages	English 69.6% Spanish 15.1% Chinese 3.1% French 1.6% Russian 1.2% Italian 0.9% Yiddish 0.7% Hindi/Urdu 0.6% Arabic 0.5% Japanese 0.5% Korean 0.5%[2]
Demonym	New Yorker
Capital	Albany
Largest city	New York City
Largest metro	New York metropolitan area
Area	Ranked 27th
• Total	54,555[3] sq mi (141,300 km2)
• Width	285 miles (455 km)
• Length	330 miles (530 km)
• % water	13.5
• Latitude	40° 30′ N to 45° 1′ N
• Longitude	71° 51′ W to 79° 46′ W
Population	Ranked 4th
• Total	19,542,209 (2018 est.)[4]
• Density	416.42/sq mi  (159/km2) Ranked 7th
• Median household income	$64,894 (2017)[5] (15th)
Elevation
• Highest point	Mount Marcy[6][7][8] 5,344 ft (1,629 m)
• Mean	1,000 ft  (300 m)
• Lowest point	Atlantic Ocean[7][8] Sea level
Before statehood	Province of New York
Admitted to the Union	July 26, 1788 (11th)
Governor	Andrew Cuomo (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Kathy Hochul (D)
Legislature	New York Legislature
• Upper house	State Senate
• Lower house	State Assembly
U.S. Senators	Chuck Schumer (D) Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
U.S. House delegation	21 Democrats 6 Republicans (list)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166	US-NY
Abbreviations	NY, N.Y.
Website	www.ny.gov

New York state symbols
Living insignia
Bird	Eastern bluebird
Fish	Brook trout (fresh water), Striped bass (salt water)
Flower	Rose
Insect	Nine-spotted ladybug
Mammal	Beaver
Reptile	Common snapping turtle
Tree	Sugar maple
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Food	Fruit: Apple Muffin: Apple
Fossil	Eurypterus remipes
Gemstone	Garnet
Shell	Bay scallop
Other	Bush: Lilac bush
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2001
Lists of United States state symbols

The state's most populous city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population. Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.[9] The state and city were both named for the 17th century Duke of York, the future King James II of England. With an estimated population of 8.62 million in 2017,[9] New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States.[10][11][12] The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world.[13][14] New York City is a global city,[15] home to the United Nations Headquarters[16] and has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital[17][18] of the world,[19][20][21] as well as the world's most economically powerful city.[22][21][23] The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany.

The 27th largest U.S. state in land area, New York has a diverse geography. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest. The southern part of the state is in the Atlantic coastal plain and includes Long Island and several smaller associated islands, as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley. The large Upstate New York region comprises several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains, and the Adirondack Mountains in the Northeastern lobe of the state. Two major river valleys – the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley – bisect these more mountainous regions. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes region and borders Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular vacation and tourist destination.

New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. French colonists and Jesuit missionaries arrived southward from Montreal for trade and proselytizing. In 1609, the region was visited by Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the present-day capital of Albany later developed. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the multicultural colony of New Netherland, a center of trade and immigration. England seized the colony from the Dutch in 1664. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), a group of colonists of the Province of New York attempted to take control of the British colony and eventually succeeded in establishing independence. In the 19th century, New York's development of access to the interior beginning with the Erie Canal, gave it incomparable advantages over other regions of the U.S. east-coast and built its political and cultural ascendancy.[24]

Many landmarks in New York are well known, including four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls, and Grand Central Terminal.[25] New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity.[26] In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship,[27] social tolerance,[28] and environmental sustainability.[29][30] New York's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, the United States Military Academy, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, University of Rochester, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 40 in the nation and world.[31][32][33]

New York's gross state product in 2017 was $1.547 trillion.[161] If New York State were an independent nation, it would rank as the 11th largest economy in the world.[162] However, in 2013, the multi-state, New York City-centered Metropolitan Statistical Area produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.4 trillion,[163] while in 2012, the corresponding Combined Statistical Area[164] generated a GMP of over $1.7 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only nine nations.[165]

The economy of the State of New York is reflected in its gross state product in 2017 of $1.607 trillion, ranking third in size behind the larger U.S. states of California and Texas. If New York State were an independent nation, it would rank as the 12th or 13th largest economy in the world, depending upon international currency fluctuations. However, in 2013, the multi-state, New York City-centered Metropolitan Statistical Area produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion,[9] while in 2012, the corresponding Combined Statistical Area[10] generated a GMP of over US$1.15 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve nations and eleven nations, respectively.[11]

Economy of New York

Midtown Manhattan in New York City, the largest central business district in the world.
Currency	USD
Statistics
GDP	$1.607 trillion (2017)[1]
GDP per capita	$82,008 (2017) [2]
Population below poverty line	13.6%[3]
Gini coefficient	0.502[4]
Labour force	9,633,503 (2018)[5]
Unemployment	3.9% (Feb. 2019)[6]
Public finances
Revenues	$63,529.354 million[7]
Expenses	$54,607 million[8]

New York City and the surrounding New York metropolitan area dominate the economy of the state. Manhattan is the leading center of banking, finance, and communication in the United States and is the location of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on Wall Street. Many of the world's largest corporations locate their home offices in Manhattan or in nearby Westchester County. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2015,[12] making it the largest office market in the United States,[13] while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2015,[12] is the largest central business district in the world.[14] The state also has a large manufacturing sector, which includes printing and publishing and the production of garments, furs, railroad rolling stock, and bus line vehicles. Some industries are concentrated in upstate locations also, such as ceramics and glass (the southern tier of counties), microchips and nanotechnology (Albany), and photographic equipment (Rochester). New York's agricultural outputs comprise dairy products, cattle and other livestock, vegetables, nursery stock, and apples.

The University of the State of New York accredits and sets standards for primary, middle-level, and secondary education in the state, while the New York State Education Department oversees public schools and controls their standardized tests. The New York City Department of Education manages the New York City Public Schools system. In 1894, reflecting general racial discrimination then, the state passed a law that allowed communities to set up separate schools for children of African-American descent. In 1900, the state passed another law requiring integrated schools.[205]

At the level of post-secondary education, the statewide public university system is the State University of New York (SUNY). The SUNY system consists of 64 community colleges, technical colleges, undergraduate colleges, and doctoral-granting institutions, including several universities. New York's largest public university is the State University of New York at Buffalo, which was founded by U.S. President Millard Fillmore.[206][207] The four SUNY University Centers, offering a wide array of academic programs, are the University at Albany, Binghamton University, Stony Brook University, and the University at Buffalo. New York City has its own City University of New York (CUNY) system, which is funded by the city.

Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, and the University of Rochester are widely regarded as the premier higher education institutions in New York, all of them leading, world-renowned private universities and members of the Association of American Universities, the pre-eminent group of research universities in the United States. Other notable large private universities include Syracuse University and Fordham University. Smaller notable private institutions of higher education include Rockefeller University, Mercy College, New York Institute of Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Yeshiva University, and Hofstra University. There are also a multitude of postgraduate-level schools in New York State, including medical, law, and engineering schools.

West Point, the service academy of the U.S. Army, is located just south of Newburgh, on the west bank of the Hudson River. The federal Merchant Marine Academy is at Kings Point on Long Island.

New York is also home to what are widely regarded as the best performing arts schools in the world. The Juilliard School, located in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is one of the world's leading music and dance schools.[208][209][210] The Eastman School of Music, a professional school within the University of Rochester, was ranked first among U.S. music schools by U.S. News & World Report for five consecutive years.[211]

During the 2013 fiscal year, New York spent more on public education per pupil than any other state, according to U.S. Census Bureau statistics.[212]

• http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/graph/?id=NYNGSP

• http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/graph/?id=NYPCPI

• https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/ranks/rank34.html

• http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-_geoSkip=0&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G2000_B19083&-tree_id=307&-_skip=0&-redoLog=false&-geo_id=04000US01&-geo_id=04000US02&-geo_id=04000US04&-geo_id=04000US05&-geo_id=04000US06&-geo_id=04000US08&-geo_id=04000US09&-geo_id=04000US10&-geo_id=04000US11&-geo_id=04000US12&-geo_id=04000US13&-geo_id=04000US15&-geo_id=04000US16&-geo_id=04000US17&-geo_id=04000US18&-geo_id=04000US19&-geo_id=04000US20&-geo_id=04000US21&-geo_id=04000US22&-geo_id=04000US23&-geo_id=04000US24&-geo_id=04000US25&-geo_id=04000US26&-geo_id=04000US27&-geo_id=04000US28&-geo_id=04000US29&-geo_id=04000US30&-geo_id=04000US31&-geo_id=04000US32&-geo_id=04000US33&-geo_id=04000US34&-geo_id=04000US35&-geo_id=04000US36&-geo_id=04000US37&-geo_id=04000US38&-geo_id=04000US39&-geo_id=04000US40&-geo_id=04000US41&-geo_id=04000US42&-geo_id=04000US44&-geo_id=04000US45&-geo_id=04000US46&-geo_id=04000US47&-geo_id=04000US48&-geo_id=04000US49&-geo_id=04000US50&-geo_id=04000US51&-geo_id=04000US53&-geo_id=04000US54&-geo_id=04000US55&-geo_id=04000US56&-geo_id=04000US72&-search_results=01000US&4-_showChild=Y&-format=&-_lang=en&-_toggle=

• http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/data/NYLFN.txt

• http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/data/NYUR.txt

• https://www.census.gov/govs/statetax/1033nystax.html

• http://nasbo.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=w7RqO74llEw%3d&tabid=79

• "Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of the United States in 2013, by metropolitan area (in billion current U.S. dollars)". Statista. Retrieved April 10, 2016.

• "Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). Executive Office of the President – Office of Management and Budget. p. 106. Retrieved April 10, 2016.

• "U.S. Metro Economies (note CSA 2012 GMP total includes sum of New York, Bridgeport, New Haven, Allentown, Trenton, Poughkeepsie, and Kingston MSA 2012 GMP values cited)" (PDF). IHS Global Insight, The United States Conference of Mayors, and The Council on Metro Economies and the New American City. November 2013. pp. 9 through 18 in Appendix Tables. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2016.

• Andrew Nelson. "Top CBDs See Solid Growth in 2nd Quarter, US - Canada Performance Diverges" (PDF). Colliers International. Retrieved February 14, 2016.

• "Understanding The Manhattan Office Space Market". Officespaceseeker.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• "Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11" (PDF). Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• Gelman, Amy. "PEOPLE & ECONOMY: America's Melting Pot." New York (0-8225-4057-6) (2002): 42-53. Book Collection: Nonfiction. Academic Search Complete. Web. 17 Feb. 2016.

• New York Agriculture Statistic Services. New York Agricultural Statistics 2004-2005 Annual Bulletin. Albany, New York: State of New York Department of Agriculture and Markets, 2004. Web. 19 Feb. 2016.

• "New York." Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia (2015): 1p. 1. Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2016.

• "NYISO 2018 Gold Book (pdf)" (PDF). www.nyiso.com. p. 13. Retrieved November 26, 2018.

• "2018 Power Trends" (PDF). www.nyiso.com. April 2018. pp. 11, 12, 14. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

• "New York State Motto". New York State Library. January 29, 2001. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2007.

• "Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over – 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". Retrieved January 24, 2016.

• "Land and Water Area of States (2000)". Infoplease.com. Retrieved April 11, 2008.

• "New York; UNITED STATES". QuickFacts. Retrieved January 4, 2019.

• "Median Annual Household Income – 2017". Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.

• "Marcy". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 20, 2011.

• "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2011.

• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 – 2018 Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 4, 2019.

• "Supplemental Table 2. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 1, 2016.

• "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved May 29, 2015.

• "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved May 29, 2015.

• "World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]". Rhett Butler. 2003–2006. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• "Largest Cities of the World – (by metro population)". Woolwine-Moen Group d/b/a Graphic Maps. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• "Global power city index 2009" (PDF). The Mori Memorial Foundation. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• "Office of the Mayor Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol". The City of New York. 2012. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• Felix Richter (March 11, 2015). "New York Is The World's Media Capital". Statista. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

• Dawn Ennis (May 24, 2017). "ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

• "Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture". The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• "New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]". NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• "Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S." Business Insider, Inc. July 31, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2015. For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.
  "PAL sets introductory fares to New York". Philippine Airlines. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• Richard Florida (March 3, 2015). "Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved March 25, 2015. Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.

• Richard Florida (May 8, 2012). "What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• Roberts, Sam (June 26, 2017). "200 Years Ago, Erie Canal Got Its Start as Just a 'Ditch'". The New York Times. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

• Ann Shields (November 10, 2014). "The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions – No. 3: Times Square, New York City – Annual Visitors: 50,000,000". Travel+Lesiure. Retrieved July 17, 2015. No. 3 Times Square, New York City – Annual Visitors: 50,000,000...No. 4 (tie) Central Park, New York City – Annual Visitors: 40,000,000...No. 9: Niagara Falls, New York and Ontario – Annual Visitors: 22,000,000...No. 10 Grand Central Terminal, New York City – Annual Visitors: 21,600,000

• "Statue of Liberty". World Heritage. UNESCO. Retrieved July 17, 2015.

• "Venture Investment – Regional Aggregate Data". National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved April 22, 2016.

• Matt Flegenheimer (March 23, 2016). "Ted Cruz Deplores 'Liberal, Left-Wing Values' While Lobbying for New York Votes". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2016.

• "The Latest: China Hopes US Joins Climate Deal Quickly". The New York Times. Associated Press. April 22, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.

• Lisa Foderaro (September 21, 2014). "Taking a Call for Climate Change to the Streets". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2016.

• "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. Retrieved August 27, 2015.

• "CWUR 2015 – World University Rankings". Center for World University Rankings. Retrieved August 27, 2015.

• https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities

• "Iroquois Confederacy – History, Relations with non-native americans, Key issues". www.everyculture.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• "Susquehannock Indians". www.departments.bucknell.edu. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• "Erie Tribe – Access Genealogy". July 9, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• English, J. "'PETUN' AND THE PETUNS". www.wyandot.org. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• "Mahican Tribe – Access Genealogy". July 9, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• Barron, Donna. "The Long Island Indians & Their New England Ancestors". 2006

• "King Philip's War – Native American History". History.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• John Heckewelder (Loskiel): Conoys, Ganawese, etc. explains Charles A. Hanna (Vol II, 1911:96, Ganeiens-gaa, Margry, i., 529; ii., 142–43,) using La Salle's letter of August 22, 1681 Fort Saint Louis (Illinois) mentioning "Ohio tribes" for extrapolation.

• Hanna 1911:158

• Editor: Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., by The editors of American Heritage Magazine (1961). "The American Heritage Book of Indians". In pages 188–219. ,. American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc

• "Beaver Wars ***". www.warpaths2peacepipes.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• "Early Indian Migration in Ohio". genealogytrails.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• "Official Site of the Delaware Tribe of Indians » The Walking Purchase". delawaretribe.org. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• Pritzker 441

• "Centro Studi Storici Verrazzano – Official web site". April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

• "Castle Island".

• Reynolds, Cuyler (1906). Albany Chronicles: A History of the City Arranged Chronologically. J.B. Lyon Company.

• Nevius, Michelle and James, "New York's many 9/11 anniversaries: the Staten Island Peace Conference", Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City, September 8, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

• Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),Exploring Historic Dutch New York. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). ISBN 978-0-486-48637-6

• "Declaration of Independence". history.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2008.

• Alan Taylor (2006). The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-45471-7.

• "Sullivan/Clinton Interactive Map Set". Retrieved August 30, 2010.

• Chen, David W. "Battle Over Iroquois Land Claims Escalates", The New York Times. May 16, 2000. Retrieved April 11, 2008.

• "Happy Evacuation Day". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved April 12, 2008.

• "New York's Ratification". The U.S. Constitution Online. Retrieved April 10, 2008.

• LeMay, Michael C. (December 10, 2012). Transforming America: Perspectives on U.S. Immigration [3 volumes]: Perspectives on U.S. Immigration. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313396441.

• "George Washington's First Inaugrual Address: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Washington, George. Retrieved July 30, 2018.

• "New York City Would Really Rather Not Talk About Its Slavery-Loving Past". Newsweek. April 15, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2018.

• "The Erie Canal: A Brief History". New York State Canals. Archived from the original on January 24, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2008.

• Peter L. Bernstein, Wedding of the waters: The Erie Canal and the making of a great nation (2005).

• Robert Greenhalgh Albion, The rise of New York port (1815–1860) (1939).

• Ernest A. McKay, The Civil War and New York City (1990).

• Frederick Phisterer, New York in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 To 1865 (1890), p. 88.

• "Castle Garden as An Immigrant Depot:1855–1890" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2013.

• "Castle Clinton". National Park Service. August 22, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2013.

• Vincent J. Cannato: American Passage: The History of Ellis Island. p.50: Harper Collins (2009) ISBN 0060742739

• Linda Greenhouse (May 27, 1998). "The Ellis Island Verdict: The Ruling". The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2013.

• "Statue Of Liberty National Monument". Nps.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2013.

• Edelman, Susan (January 6, 2008). "Charting post-9/11 deaths". Retrieved January 22, 2012.

• Katia Hetter (November 12, 2013). "It's official: One World Trade Center to be tallest U.S. skyscraper". CNN. Retrieved November 12, 2013.

• Jeff Stone & Maria Gallucci (October 29, 2014). "Hurricane Sandy Anniversary 2014: Fortifying New York – How Well Armored Are We For The Next Superstorm?". International Business Times. Retrieved July 23, 2015.

• Robert S. Eshelman (November 15, 2012). "ADAPTATION: Political support for a sea wall in New York Harbor begins to form". E&E Publishing, LLC. Retrieved July 23, 2015.

• "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S. Geological Survey. April 29, 2005. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2006.

• "Tug Hill Region". New York State Tug Hill Commission. Retrieved April 1, 2017.

• Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. p. 1619. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.

• Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. p. 1437. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.

• Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.

• Kaplan, Thomas (December 17, 2014). "Citing Health Risks, Cuomo Bans Fracking in New York State". The New York Times.

• "Area of each state that is water". water.usgs.gov. Retrieved September 23, 2017.

• "Delaware River Basin Commission" (PDF). The State of New Jersey. Retrieved April 3, 2017.

• "Climate of New York". New York State Climate Office – Cornell University. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2008.

• The New York Post (June 3, 2007). "A Breath of Fresh New York Air". Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.

• "Age/sex/race in New York State: Based on Census 2010" (PDF). Retrieved May 15, 2012.

• "Map of eleven regions". Visitnewyorkstate.net. Retrieved October 2, 2010.

• Edmondson, Brad (2001). "Publication #72 – Environmental Affairs in New York State: A Historical Overview" (PDF). New York State Archives. pp. 7–9. Retrieved April 1, 2017.

• "Niagara National Heritage Area Study Report". National Park Service. 2005. p. 26. Retrieved April 1, 2017.

• Largest Park Area in the Contiguous US Remains Open to Visitors, Thursday, October 3, 2013. Regional Office of Sustainable Tourism / Lake Placid CVB. Retrieved July 26, 2014.

• About the Adirondack Park, Adirondack Park Agency. Retrieved July 1, 2009.

• "Catskill Park History". catskillpark.org. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved April 11, 2008.

• "The Catskill Region". catskillmtn.org. Retrieved September 15, 2014.

• African Burial Ground, General Services Administration, accessed February 10, 2012

• "Statue of Liberty". World Heritage. UNESCO. Retrieved November 24, 2013.

• Rosenberg, Eli (June 24, 2016). "Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2019.

• "Stonewall National Monument". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved April 8, 2019.

• Hayasaki, Erika (May 18, 2007). "For gays, a generation gap grows". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 8, 2019.

• "New York State Thruway". thruway.ny.gov. New York State Thruway Authority. Archived from the original on August 22, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.

• "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New York". New York – 2017 Populations.

• "New York: 2000 (Population and Housing Unit Counts)" (PDF). 2000 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. 2000. Retrieved September 18, 2010. (page 1 of the document, page 31 of the file)

• . United States Census Bureau https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk. Retrieved July 4, 2017. Missing or empty |title= (help)

• "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2014 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 – United States – Places of 50,000+ Population – 2014 Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2015.

• "Domestic Migration Flows for States from the 2005 ACS". Archived from the original (Microsoft Word) on October 25, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.

• "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018". U.S. Census Bureau. January 4, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.

• Timothy S. Parker (September 10, 2010). "New York Fact Sheet: NY agriculture income population food education employment farms top commodities exports counties financial indicators poverty organic farming farm income America USDA". Ers.usda.gov. Retrieved October 2, 2010.

• Blake Ellis (March 25, 2011). "America's 5 biggest cities". CNN. Retrieved November 12, 2013.

• Roberts, Sam (March 14, 2013). "Fewer People Are Abandoning the Bronx, Census Data Show". The New York Times.

• "State & County QuickFacts Los Angeles (city), California". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2015.

• "Kings County, New York QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2016.

• "Queens County, New York QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2016.

• "Nassau County, New York QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2016.

• "Suffolk County, New York QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 24, 2016.

• "2015 American Community Survey". U.S. Census Bureau.

• "New York QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. January 17, 2012. Archived from the original on May 16, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2012.

• "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Archived from the original on July 25, 2008.

• "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot". The Plain Dealer. June 3, 2012.

• Thomas Kaplan & Jason Horowitz (August 13, 2014). "Cuomo, Visiting Israel, Joins Growing U.S. List". The New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2014.

• "Jewish Population in the United States, by State". American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved November 11, 2013.

• David Brooks (March 7, 2013). "The Orthodox Surge". The New York Times. Retrieved November 11, 2013.

• "State & County QuickFacts – New York QuickLinks". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.

• "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved May 29, 2015.

• Dan Bilefsky (June 21, 2011). "For New Life, Blacks in City Head to South". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2015.

• Christine Kim; Demand Media. "Queens, New York, Sightseeing". USA Today. Retrieved July 19, 2014.

• Andrew Weber (April 30, 2013). "Queens". NewYork.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2014.

• "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 3, 2015.

• "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 3, 2015.

• "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved May 29, 2015.

• "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved November 10, 2013.

• "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved November 10, 2013.

• Marzulli, John (May 9, 2011). "Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities". The New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 5, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2013.

• "State & County QuickFacts Nassau County, New York QuickLinks". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 14, 2013.

• Heng Shao (April 10, 2014). "Join The Great Gatsby: Chinese Real Estate Buyers Fan Out To Long Island's North Shore". Forbes. Retrieved August 2, 2014.

• Karina Cuevas (August 16, 2015). "Thousands celebrate at India Day Parade along Madison Avenue". Metro International. Retrieved August 16, 2015.

• Population of New York: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts[dead link]

• "2010 Demographic Profile Data". U.S. Census Bureau.

• "2017 American Community Survey". U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2019.

• "New York". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2013.

• "Endangered Language Alliance". 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2013.

• "Linguistics- Say what?". The Economist. September 10, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2013.

• N. R. Kleinfield (January 15, 2016). "New Yorkers, Self-Assured and Opinionated, Defend Their Values". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2016 – via MSN.

• Roberts, Sam (April 28, 2010). "Listening to (and Saving) the World's Languages". The New York Times. Retrieved November 11, 2013.

• "State Membership Report". The Association of Religion Data Archives. Retrieved November 27, 2013.

• Pew Research Center, "Religious Landscape Study: New York"

• "Religions". Retrieved November 25, 2018.

• "LGBT Percentage Highest in D.C., Lowest in North Dakota". State of the States. Gallup Politics. February 15, 2013.

• Williams Inst. Census Snapshot http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/category/research/census-lbgt-demographics-studies/[permanent dead link]

• "NYC Same-Sex Marriages Generate $259 Million in Economic Impact". New York City Mayor Bloomberg, retrieved November 26, 2013

• Nicholas Confessore & Michael Barbaro (June 24, 2011). "New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law". The New York Times. Retrieved November 11, 2013.

• Jennifer Fermino (March 7, 2016). "De Blasio: NYC toilets won't discriminate by gender identity". New York Daily News. Retrieved March 26, 2016.

• "Revelers Take To The Streets For 48th Annual NYC Pride March". CBS New York. June 25, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2017. A sea of rainbows took over the Big Apple for the biggest pride parade in the world Sunday.

• Goicichea, Julia (August 16, 2017). "Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers". The Culture Trip. Retrieved April 8, 2019.

• "Brief History of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in the U.S." University of Kentucky. Retrieved September 2, 2017.

• Nell Frizzell (June 28, 2013). "Feature: How the Stonewall riots started the LGBT rights movement". Pink News UK. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

• "Stonewall riots". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

• U.S. National Park Service (October 17, 2016). "Civil Rights at Stonewall National Monument". Department of the Interior. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

• "Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots". Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.

• Joshua Barone (June 25, 2017). "A Winning Design for a New York Monument to Gay and Transgender People". The New York Times. Retrieved June 29, 2017.

• "Governor Cuomo Announces Commemoration of 50th Anniversary of Stonewall Rebellion in 2019". State of New York. June 25, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2018.

• "Governor Cuomo Announces Commemoration of 50th Anniversary of Stonewall Rebellion in 2019". State of New York. June 25, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2018.

• [1]

• http://www.aei.org/publication/putting-americas-enormous-19-4t-economy-into-perspective-by-comparing-us-state-gdps-to-entire-countries

• "Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of the United States in 2013, by metropolitan area (in billion current U.S. dollars)". Statista. Retrieved September 12, 2014.

• "Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). Executive Office of the President – Office of Management and Budget. p. 106. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2015.

• https://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_regional.cfm

• "2013 WFE Market Highlights" (PDF). World Federation of Exchanges. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• John Glover (November 23, 2014). "New York Boosts Lead on London as Leading Finance Center". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• "UBS may move US investment bank to NYC". e-Eighteen.com Ltd. June 10, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• "The Global Financial Centres Index 17" (PDF). Long Finance. March 23, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 14, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• "NYSE Listings Directory". Archived from the original on July 19, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• Ambereen Choudhury, Elisa Martinuzzi & Ben Moshinsky (November 26, 2012). "London Bankers Bracing for Leaner Bonuses Than New York". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• Sanat Vallikappen (November 10, 2013). "Pay Raises for Bank Risk Officers in Asia Trump New York". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• "DiNapoli: Wall Street Bonuses Edge Up in 2014". Office of the New York State Comptroller. March 11, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.

• McKinsey & Company and the New York City Economic Development Corporation. "Sustaining New York's and the US' Global Financial Services Leadership" (PDF). City of New York. Retrieved July 19, 2015.

• "Total debt securities" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. June 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2015.

• Saabira Chaudhuri (September 15, 2014). "Ranking the Biggest U.S. Banks: A New Entrant in Top 5". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 19, 2015.

• "What is an office condominium?". Rudder Property Group. Archived from the original on September 29, 2010. Retrieved May 28, 2013.

• "Understanding The Manhattan Office Space Market". Officespaceseeker.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• "Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11" (PDF). Cushman & Wakefield, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• "Telecommunications and Economic Development in New York City: A Plan for Action" (PDF). New York City Economic Development Corporation. March 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 7, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2006.

• Ivan Pereira (December 10, 2013). "City opens nation's largest continuous Wi-Fi zone in Harlem". amNewYork/Newsday. Archived from the original on February 11, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014.

• Freeman Klopott (December 12, 2014). "New York State Will Start $50 Million Venture-Capital Fund". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved August 26, 2015.

• Richard Pérez-Peña (December 19, 2011). "Cornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in City". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2014.

• Ju, Anne (December 19, 2011). "'Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, Technion". Cornell University. Retrieved August 26, 2015.

• Larry Rulison (July 10, 2015). "Made in Albany: IBM reveals breakthrough chip made at SUNY Poly". Albany Times-Union. Retrieved July 12, 2015.

• Keshia Clukey (June 27, 2014). "Better than advertised: Chip plant beats expectations". Albany Business Review. Retrieved July 20, 2015.

• "Fab 8 Overview". GLOBALFOUNDRIES Inc. Retrieved July 12, 2015.

• John Markoff (October 1, 2015). "IBM Scientists Find New Way to Shrink Transistors". The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2015.

• Freeman Klopott; Xu Wang & Niamh Ring (September 27, 2011). "IBM, Intel Start $4.4 Billion in Chip Venture in New York". 2011 Bloomberg. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2015.

• "High Tech Rochester adds 4 businesses". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. November 7, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2015.

• John Jordan (January 2016). "$1.2 Billion Project Could Make Westchester a Biotech Destination". Hudson Gateway Association of Realtors. Retrieved April 9, 2016.

• Steve Ditlea. "Westchester's Unexpected Powerhouse Position In the Biotech Industry – Four years after our initial look at Westchester's biotech industry, the sector has gone from fledgling to behemoth". Today Media. Retrieved April 7, 2016. All around, there are signs of a Biochester bloom:

• Currid, Elizabeth (2006). "New York as a Global Creative Hub: A Competitive Analysis of Four Theories on World Cities". Economic Development Quarterly. 20 (4): 330–350. doi:10.1177/0891242406292708.

• Richard Verrier & Steven Zeitchik (May 4, 2014). "New York taking a larger bite out of Hollywood productions". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 15, 2015.

• "Mayor De Blasio Announces Increased Growth of New York City's Entertainment Industry Brings $8.7 billion into the Local Economy". City of New York Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment. October 15, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2016.

• "I Love New York Logo". New York State Library – New York State Education Department.

• Interview with Milton Glaser, The Believer

• "I Love New York Logo". New York State Education Department. September 26, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

• "Broadway Calendar-Year Statistics". The Broadway League. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

• "New York State Information – State Emblems". New York State Library – New York State Education Department.

• "Welcome to New York Wine Country!". New York Wine & Grape Foundation. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2015.

• "NYISO 2018 Gold Book (pdf)" (PDF). www.nyiso.com. p. 13. Retrieved November 26, 2018.

• "2018 Power Trends" (PDF). www.nyiso.com. April 2018. pp. 11, 12, 14. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

• Chen, Jie; LeeVanSchaick, Pallas; Naga, Raghu Palavadi; Patton, David B. (May 2018). "2017 State of the Market Report" (PDF). www.potomaceconomics.com. pp. ii, 3, A-2, A-6. Retrieved November 30, 2018.

• Martha A. Sandweiss, Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line, New York: Penguin Press, 2009, p. 213

• "SUNY Buffalo: Complete Campus List". Suny.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2016.

• "Chancellors and Presidents of the University". University of Buffalo, The State University of New York. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.

• "Still 'best reputation' for Juilliard at 100". The Washington Times. Retrieved September 15, 2013.

• Frank Rich (2003). Juilliard. Harry N. Abrams. p. 10. ISBN 978-0810935365. Juilliard grew up with both the country and its burgeoning cultural capital of New York to become an internationally recognized synonym for the pinnacle of artistic achievement.

• "The Top 25 Drama Schools in the World". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 15, 2013.

• "2014 Best America's Top Music Schools Ranking". US College Rankings. Archived from the original on March 12, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2018.

• "Education Spending Per Student by State". Governing. Retrieved July 15, 2015.

• Transportation Law § 11. "There shall be in the state government a department of transportation. The head of the department shall be the commissioner of transportation, [...]" Accessed July 19, 2015.

• "2002 Annual Report" (PDF). PANY. 2003. . Accessed July 19, 2015.

• New York City Charter § 2901; "There shall be a department of transportation, the head of which shall be the commissioner of transportation." Accessed July 19, 2015.

• "NYS DMV – Statistics – NYS Driver Licenses on File – 2008". New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.

• "NYS DMV – Statistics – Vehicle Registrations in Force – 2008". New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.

• Rob Gallagher (October 25, 2005). "New York Executions". Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

• Scott, Brendan (July 24, 2008). "Gov Pulls Switch on Death Cell". New York Post. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

• Powell, Michael (April 13, 2005). "In N.Y., Lawmakers Vote Not to Reinstate Capital Punishment". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 11, 2008.

• "Directory of Representatives". House.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2014.

• Rey, Jay (December 22, 2010). "N.Y.'s slow growth will mean loss of two seats in House". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2010.

• Thomas P. DiNapoli, State Comptroller (October 2015). "New York's Balance of Payments in the Federal Budget – Federal Fiscal Year 2013" (PDF). Office of the New York State Comptroller. Retrieved April 27, 2016.

• NYSVoter Enrollment by County, Party Affiliation and Status Archived July 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Accessed April 30, 2016.

• Opensecrets.org (May 16, 2005). "2006 Election Overview: Top Zip codes". Archived from the original on March 2, 2006. Retrieved July 19, 2006.

• Roy, Yancey. "Clinton vs. Trump: 2 presidential candidates from one state". Newsday. Retrieved September 25, 2016.

• "NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs". The City of New York. Archived from the original on June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.

        School Description

Choose the education that's right for YOU!               

Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/IS	Computer Information Systems (CIS)
School: DeVry University Program: Today's computer information systems (CIS) professionals provide invaluable and highly specialized computer systems expertise, helping companies stay competitive in the global marketplace. These experts harness technology and enable organizations to use information to the fullest. In short, CIS experts are vital to the bottom-line success of every enterprise. The CIS program is composed of coursework in communication skills, humanities, social sciences, personal and professional development, mathematics and science, business and accounting, systems concepts, programming, and systems development. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: New York (Long Island City), NY ::  more info

top

Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/IS	Information Technology (IT)
School: DeVry University Program: The Information Technology (IT) program is designed for the baccalaureate-level college graduate seeking to pursue a career in IT. The program is structured around a core of technology-oriented specialty courses with emphasis on applying computer technology to solve business problems. Students draw on their college and business backgrounds as they work in teams to develop solutions to case studies. Project management, communication skills and ongoing IT administration, all of which are critically important in today's rapidly changing business environment, are integrated across the program. :: Concentration: Information Systems :: Campus    ::  Location: New York (Long Island City), NY ::  more info

top

 

Information Systems - Select a State
Alabama	Massachusetts	Ontario
Arizona	Winnepeg, MB	Oregon
Vancouver, BC	Maryland	Pennsylvania
California	Minnesota	Quebec
Colorado	Missouri	Rhode Island
Connecticut	Mississippi	Texas
Florida	New Jersey	Utah
Georgia	New Mexico	Virginia
Hawaii	Nevada	Washington
Idaho	New York	Wisconsin
Illinois	Ohio	Online Programs
Louisiana	Oklahoma

School Description

information systems

New York Listing

Today's computer information systems (CIS) professionals provide invaluable and highly specialized computer systems expertise, helping companies stay competitive in the global marketplace. These experts harness technology and enable organizations to use information to the fullest. In short, CIS experts are vital to the bottom-line success of every enterprise.

The CIS program is composed of coursework in communication skills, humanities, social sciences, personal and professional development, mathematics and science, business and accounting, systems concepts, programming, and systems development.

top

Information Systems Sponsors

| Technical and Non-Technical Degrees | Chubb Institute | DeVry University | University of Phoenix | DeVry Keller University | College Searching

College Searching Sponsors

debt consolidation | University Online Degree | Home Remodeling | debt help | General Links |

about | contact | sitemap

College Searching and Online Degrees offer Associate, Bachelor, Masters and Ph.D. degrees in automotive, teaching, finance, internet technology, accounting, marketing, Information Systems, nursing, computer science, fashion and graphic design, and much more!