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The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well as the applied, decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' was often restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the handicraft, craft, or applied art media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.

Today, the term design is widely associated with the applied arts as initiated by Raymond Loewy and teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm) in Germany during the 20th century.

The boundaries between art and design are blurred, largely due to a range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'. Applied arts has been used as an umbrella term to define fields of industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, etc. The term 'decorative arts' is a traditional term used in historical discourses to describe craft objects, and also sits within the umbrella of applied arts. In graphic arts (2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration), the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art, based on the context within which the work is produced and how it is traded.

To a degree, some methods for creating work, such as employing intuition, are shared across the disciplines within the applied arts and fine art.

A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design. A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media, such as brochures (sometimes) and advertising. They are also sometimes responsible for typesetting, illustration, user interfaces, and web design. A core responsibility of the designer's job is to present information in a way that is both accessible and memorable.

A Bachelor's degree or certificate from an accredited trade school is usually considered essential for a graphic design position. After a career history has been established, though, the graphic designer's experience and number of years in the business are considered the primary qualifications. A portfolio, which is the primary method for demonstrating these qualifications, is usually required to be shown at job interviews, and is constantly developed throughout a designer's career.

One can obtain an AAS, BA, BFA, BCA, MFA or an MPhil / PhD in graphic design. Degree programs available vary depending upon the institution, although typical U.S. graphic design jobs may require at least some form of degree.

California Institute of the Arts
Program in Graphic Design

Maine College of Art
Undergraduate program in Graphic Design (BFA)

Massachusetts College of Art & Design
Graphic Design undergraduate program (BFA)

Parsons School of Design, New York
Undergraduate Type Design

Portland State University
Intro Level Type Design Course

Pratt Institute
School of Art and Design

Rhode Island School of Design
1 Undergraduate and Masters Introduction to Type Design course

Savannah College of Art and Design
1 type face design undergraduate, 3 graduate level typeface design classes and 1 typeface marketing

School of Visual Arts (SVA), New York
Continuing Education course in Type Design

The Art Institute of California – Orange County (AiOC), California
1 Undergraduate advanced typography course

University of Washington School of Art
The Visual Communication Design Program

Yale School of Art
Letterform/Type Design

California College of the Arts
One class on typeface design, offered as an investigative studio in junior year

Type West at Letterform Archive
A year-long postgraduate certificate in typeface design grounded in the Letterform Archive collection of over 50,000 specimens from type and design history

Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques, and tools that are the foundation of Web application development and which support their design, development, evolution, and evaluation. Web application development has certain characteristics that make it different from traditional software, information system, or computer application development.

Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation. Web engineering is neither a clone nor a subset of software engineering, although both involve programming and software development. While Web Engineering uses software engineering principles, it encompasses new approaches, methodologies, tools, techniques, and guidelines to meet the unique requirements of Web-based applications.

Maryland (/ˈmɛərɪlənd/ (listen) MAIR-ih-lənd)[8] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary.[9][10]

State of Maryland
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): "Old Line State", "Free State", "Little America",[1] "America in Miniature"[2]
Motto(s): "Fatti maschii, parole femine" (English: "Strong Deeds, Gentle Words")[3] The Latin text encircling the seal: Scuto bonæ voluntatis tuæ coronasti nos ("With Favor Wilt Thou Compass Us as with a Shield") Psalm 5:12[4]
State song(s): ""Maryland, My Maryland" (1861, adopted 1939)"
Official language	None (English, de facto)
Demonym	Marylander
Capital	Annapolis
Largest city	Baltimore
Largest metro	Baltimore-Washington Metro Area
Area	Ranked 42nd
• Total	12,407 sq mi (32,133 km2)
• Width	196 miles (315 km)
• Length	119 miles (192 km)
• % water	21
• Latitude	37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N
• Longitude	75° 03′ W to 79° 29′ W
Population	Ranked 19th
• Total	6,042,718 (2018)
• Density	619/sq mi  (238/km2) Ranked 5th
• Median household income	$80,774 (2017)[5] (2nd)
Elevation
• Highest point	Hoye-Crest[6][7] 3,360 ft (1024 m)
• Mean	350 ft  (110 m)
• Lowest point	Atlantic Ocean[6] Sea level
Before statehood	Province of Maryland
Admitted to the Union	April 28, 1788 (7th)
Governor	Larry Hogan (R)
Lieutenant Governor	Boyd Rutherford (R)
Legislature	General Assembly of Maryland
• Upper house	Senate of Maryland
• Lower house	House of Delegates of Maryland
U.S. Senators	Ben Cardin (D) Chris Van Hollen (D)
U.S. House delegation	7 Democrats 1 Republican (list)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166	US-MD
Abbreviations	MD, Md.
Website	www.maryland.gov

Maryland state symbols
The Flag of Maryland
The Seal of Maryland
Living insignia
Bird	Baltimore oriole
Butterfly	Baltimore checkerspot butterfly
Crustacean	Blue crab
Fish	Rock fish
Flower	Black-eyed Susan
Insect	Baltimore checkerspot
Mammal	Calico cat Chesapeake Bay Retriever Thoroughbred horse
Reptile	Diamondback terrapin
Tree	White oak
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Dance	Square dance
Dinosaur	Astrodon johnstoni
Food	Blue crab Smith Island Cake
Fossil	Ecphora gardnerae gardnerae
Gemstone	Patuxent River stone
Mineral	Agate
Poem	"Maryland, My Maryland" by James Ryder Randall (1861, adopted 1939)
Slogan	Maryland of Opportunity
Sport	Jousting Lacrosse
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2000
Lists of United States state symbols

Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combines elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.

One of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert[11][12] who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England.[13] In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary.[14] Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who enforced religious conformity in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration.[13] Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who "reproached" a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation.[15] Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.

Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation-based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.

Although a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant role in the conflict. After the war, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. Since the Second World War, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated states in the nation. As of 2015, Maryland had the highest median household income of any state, owing in large part to its close proximity to Washington, D.C. and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, services, higher education, and biotechnology.[16] Maryland has been ranked as one of the best governed states in the country.[17] The state's central role in American history is reflected by its hosting of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per capita.

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Maryland's gross state product in 2016 was $382.4 billion.[132] However, Maryland has been using Genuine Progress Indicator, an indicator of well-being, to guide the state's development, rather than relying only on growth indicators like GDP.[133][134] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland households are currently the wealthiest in the country, with a 2013 median household income of $72,483[135] which puts it ahead of New Jersey and Connecticut, which are second and third respectively. Two of Maryland's counties, Howard and Montgomery, are the second and eleventh wealthiest counties in the nation respectively. Maryland ranked No. 1 with the most millionaires per capita in 2013, with a ratio of 7.7 percent.[136] Also, the state's poverty rate of 7.8 percent is the lowest in the country.[137][138][139] per capita personal income in 2006 was $43,500, fifth in the nation. As of February 2018, the state's unemployment rate was 4.2 percent.[140]

A map showing Maryland's median income by county. Data is sourced from the 2014 ACS 5-year Estimate report published by the US Census Bureau.

Maryland's economy benefits from the state's close proximity to the federal government in Washington, D.C. with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Ft. Meade serves as the headquarters of the Defense Information Systems Agency, United States Cyber Command, and the National Security Agency/Central Security Service. In addition, a number of educational and medical research institutions are located in the state. In fact, the various components of The Johns Hopkins University and its medical research facilities are now the largest single employer in the Baltimore area. Altogether, white collar technical and administrative workers comprise 25 percent of Maryland's labor force,[citation needed] attributable in part to nearby Maryland being a part of the Washington Metro Area where the federal government office employment is relatively high.

Manufacturing, while large in dollar value, is highly diversified with no sub-sector contributing over 20 percent of the total. Typical forms of manufacturing include electronics, computer equipment, and chemicals. The once mighty primary metals sub-sector, which at one time included what was then the largest steel factory in the world at Sparrows Point, still exists, but is pressed with foreign competition, bankruptcies, and mergers. During World War II the Glenn Martin Company (now part of Lockheed Martin) airplane factory employed some 40,000 people.

Mining other than construction materials is virtually limited to coal, which is located in the mountainous western part of the state. The brownstone quarries in the east, which gave Baltimore and Washington much of their characteristic architecture in the mid-19th century, were once a predominant natural resource. Historically, there used to be small gold-mining operations in Maryland, some near Washington, but these no longer exist.

Maryland has several historic and renowned private colleges and universities, the most prominent of which is Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876 with a grant from Baltimore entrepreneur Johns Hopkins.

The first public university in the state is the University of Maryland, Baltimore, which was founded in 1807 and contains the University of Maryland's only public academic health, human services, and one of two law centers (the other being the University of Baltimore School of Law). Seven professional and graduate schools train the majority of the state's physicians, nurses, dentists, lawyers, social workers, and pharmacists.[166] The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the University of Maryland, College Park which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a public land grant college in 1864. Towson University, founded in 1866, is the state's second largest university. Baltimore is home to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the Maryland Institute College of Art. The majority of public universities in the state are affiliated with the University System of Maryland. Two state-funded institutions, Morgan State University and St. Mary's College of Maryland, as well as two federally funded institutions, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the United States Naval Academy, are not affiliated with the University System of Maryland.

St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland and Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, both private institutions, are the two oldest colleges in the state, and are among the oldest in the country. Other private institutions include Mount St. Mary's University, McDaniel College (formerly known as Western Maryland College), Hood College, Stevenson University (formerly known as Villa Julie College), Loyola University Maryland, and Goucher College, among others.

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• Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

• In US English, the first syllable is pronounced /ˈmɛr-/ even by speakers who contrast the vowels in merry /ˈmɛri/ and Mary /ˈmɛəri/, which is the minority. The pronunciation with /ɛər/ is the predominant one in Received Pronunciation, therefore it is transcribed with the /ɛər/ diaphoneme (Random House Dictionary, Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 9781405881180. )

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• Therres, Glenn (Fall 2007). "Lions in our mountains? The mystery of cougars in Maryland" (PDF). Wildlife and Heritage. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2009. Historically bobcats were distributed statewide but during the post colonization period densities began to plummet. By the mid-1900s, populations had probably reached all-time lows, with remnant populations existing only in western Maryland. This prompted the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to classify them as a state-listed "Species of Special Concern." During the past quarter century, occupied range and densities have increased markedly. Results from the annual Bowhunter Survey and the Hunter Mail survey have identified bobcat sightings in 14 of Maryland's 23 counties. Currently, bobcats have dual legal classification in Maryland. In addition to the Species of Special Concern designation, they are also defined as a Game Animal / Furbearer with a closed harvest season.

• "Coyotes in Maryland". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on August 15, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2011. Coyotes were historically a western species with core populations found west of the Mississippi River. Alterations and/or elimination of competing predators during the post-European colonization period facilitated rapid range expansion into eastern North America during the 20th Century. Established populations now occur in every state and province in North America. Coyotes are a relatively new addition to local ecosystems, and were first documented in Maryland during 1972. Initial substantiated sightings occurred in Cecil, Frederick and Washington counties. Since that time population densities and occupied range have expanded incrementally and coyotes now occur statewide.

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• Cairns, Huntington (December 1937). "History and Constitutionality of the Maryland Income Tax Law". Maryland Law Review. Legal History, Theory and Process Commons. UM Carey Law. pp. 1, 6. Retrieved August 19, 2015. ...1937 Special Session of the Maryland Legislature imposed an income tax...expenditure of public funds for the benefit of able-bodied persons whose inability to support themselves arises from the prevalence of wide-spread unemployment.

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• Beck, John; Randall, Aaron & Frandsen, Wendy (June 27, 2007). "Southern Culture: An Introduction" (PDF). Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press. pp. 14–15. Retrieved May 23, 2008. Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia [...] and Maryland —slaveholding states and regions before the Civil War that did not secede from the Union – are also often included as part of the South. As border states, these states always were crossroads of values and customs, and today [...] parts of Maryland seem to have become part of the "Northeast."

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        School Description

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/WD	Client/Server & Web Development From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The Client/Server Developer Master Certificate Program focuses on some of today's hottest technologies: Visual Basic 6, Active Server Pages, Internet Information Server, ActiveX, as well as rock-solid standards like HTML and JavaScript. Employment opportunities for an individual armed with these technologies is practically unlimited! :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/WD	Client/Server Developer From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The Client/Server Developer Master Certificate Program focuses on some of today's hottest technologies: Visual Basic 6, Active Server Pages, Internet Information Server, ActiveX, as well as rock-solid standards like HTML and JavaScript. Employment opportunities for an individual armed with these technologies is practically unlimited! :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/BP	E-Commerce Developer
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The E-Commerce Developer Master Certificate Program will teach the student how they can build their own E-commerce Web site using Allaire's ColdFusion. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/BP	E-Commerce Development with Cold Fusion
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: This program will teach the student how they can build their own E-commerce Web site using Allaire's ColdFusion. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/BP	E-Commerce Specialist
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The E-Commerce Specialist Master Certificate Program will teach the student how they can build their own E-commerce Web site using Allaire's ColdFusion with a solid grounding in the tools and skills of computer-generated design. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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CA/WD	Web Design From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: Web pages allow visitors to not only view information, but also to interact with it. Perhaps the most appealing aspect of the World Wide Web is its capacity to unite text, graphics, audio, and video, in ways that enhance the user's experience. These multiple media components can be combined to form the look and feel of a Web site. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/WD	Web Design Specialist From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The Web Design Master Certificate Program allows students to explore the concepts for developing the structure of a Web site, and the tools that allow for the expansion and enhancement of the graphical user interface. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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CA/WD	Web Developer From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: Students will learn the core technologies of HTML and web graphics students will learn how to write code effectively and build easily navigable sites. Later in the module, students will learn Macromedia Dreamweaver, which is a very robust application that incorporates HTML, Dynamic HTML, JavaScript, and powerful site management features into a customizable application. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/WD	Web Development From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: In the Web Development Certificate of Completion Module, students will learn to develop dynamic web applications with a minimal amount of coding. Web sites that incorporate connectivity to databases are one of the fastest areas of growth for companies to effectively serve their customers on the World Wide Web. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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CA/WD	Web Development Specialist From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The Graphics Essentials module presents the formal elements of typography, color, industry practices, and idea generation, as well as the development of professional attitudes and approaches to problem solving. Discussion, demonstration, and hands-on projects that simulate real-world scenarios, teach students how to think like designers. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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CA/WD	Web Essentials From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: In the Web Essentials Certificate of Completion Module students will look at the technologies that make the Internet so popular and learn how they can create effective and efficient web sites. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/WD	Web Graphics Designer From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The Web Graphics Designer Master Certificate Program provides students with a solid grounding in the tools and skills of computer-generated design, to be utilized in both print and web based projects. In addition to emphasizing technical proficiency, essential concepts such design theory and design methodology are integrated. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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Code	Concentration	More Info
CA/WD	Web Multimedia Designer From the Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University
School: Computer Career Institute at Johns Hopkins University Program: The Web Design Master Certificate Program allows students to explore the concepts for developing the structure of a Web site, and the tools that allow for the expansion and enhancement of the graphical user interface. :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Columbia, MD ::  more info

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School Description

web design & engineering

Maryland Listing

The Web Graphics Designer Master Certificate Program provides students with a solid grounding in the tools and skills of computer-generated design, to be utilized in both print and web based projects.

In addition to emphasizing technical proficiency, essential concepts such design theory and design methodology are integrated.

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