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The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well as the applied, decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' was often restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the handicraft, craft, or applied art media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.

Today, the term design is widely associated with the applied arts as initiated by Raymond Loewy and teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm) in Germany during the 20th century.

The boundaries between art and design are blurred, largely due to a range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'. Applied arts has been used as an umbrella term to define fields of industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, etc. The term 'decorative arts' is a traditional term used in historical discourses to describe craft objects, and also sits within the umbrella of applied arts. In graphic arts (2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration), the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art, based on the context within which the work is produced and how it is traded.

To a degree, some methods for creating work, such as employing intuition, are shared across the disciplines within the applied arts and fine art.

A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design. A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media, such as brochures (sometimes) and advertising. They are also sometimes responsible for typesetting, illustration, user interfaces, and web design. A core responsibility of the designer's job is to present information in a way that is both accessible and memorable.

A Bachelor's degree or certificate from an accredited trade school is usually considered essential for a graphic design position. After a career history has been established, though, the graphic designer's experience and number of years in the business are considered the primary qualifications. A portfolio, which is the primary method for demonstrating these qualifications, is usually required to be shown at job interviews, and is constantly developed throughout a designer's career.

One can obtain an AAS, BA, BFA, BCA, MFA or an MPhil / PhD in graphic design. Degree programs available vary depending upon the institution, although typical U.S. graphic design jobs may require at least some form of degree.

California Institute of the Arts
Program in Graphic Design

Maine College of Art
Undergraduate program in Graphic Design (BFA)

Massachusetts College of Art & Design
Graphic Design undergraduate program (BFA)

Parsons School of Design, New York
Undergraduate Type Design

Portland State University
Intro Level Type Design Course

Pratt Institute
School of Art and Design

Rhode Island School of Design
1 Undergraduate and Masters Introduction to Type Design course

Savannah College of Art and Design
1 type face design undergraduate, 3 graduate level typeface design classes and 1 typeface marketing

School of Visual Arts (SVA), New York
Continuing Education course in Type Design

The Art Institute of California – Orange County (AiOC), California
1 Undergraduate advanced typography course

University of Washington School of Art
The Visual Communication Design Program

Yale School of Art
Letterform/Type Design

California College of the Arts
One class on typeface design, offered as an investigative studio in junior year

Type West at Letterform Archive
A year-long postgraduate certificate in typeface design grounded in the Letterform Archive collection of over 50,000 specimens from type and design history

Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques, and tools that are the foundation of Web application development and which support their design, development, evolution, and evaluation. Web application development has certain characteristics that make it different from traditional software, information system, or computer application development.

Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation. Web engineering is neither a clone nor a subset of software engineering, although both involve programming and software development. While Web Engineering uses software engineering principles, it encompasses new approaches, methodologies, tools, techniques, and guidelines to meet the unique requirements of Web-based applications.

Oregon (/ˈɒrɪɡən/ (listen) ORR-ih-gən)[6] is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon is one of only three states of the contiguous United States to have a coastline on the Pacific Ocean.

State of Oregon
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): The Beaver State
Motto(s): Alis volat propriis (English: She flies with her own wings)
State song(s): "Oregon, My Oregon"
Official language	De jure: none[1] De facto: Pacific Northwest English
Demonym	Oregonian
Capital	Salem
Largest city	Portland
Largest metro	Portland metropolitan area
Area	Ranked 9th
• Total	98,381 sq mi (254,806 km2)
• Width	400 miles (640 km)
• Length	360 miles (580 km)
• % water	2.4
• Latitude	42° N to 46° 18′ N
• Longitude	116° 28′ W to 124° 38′ W
Population	Ranked 27th
• Total	4,190,713 (2018)
• Density	39.9/sq mi  (15.0/km2) Ranked 39th
• Median household income	$60,212[2] (21st)
Elevation
• Highest point	Mount Hood[3][4][5] 11,249 ft (3,428.8 m)
• Mean	3,300 ft  (1,000 m)
• Lowest point	Pacific Ocean[4] Sea level
Before statehood	Oregon Territory
Admitted to the Union	February 14, 1859 (33rd)
Governor	Kate Brown (D)
Secretary of State	Beverly Clarno (R)
Legislature	Legislative Assembly
• Upper house	State Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Ron Wyden (D) Jeff Merkley (D)
U.S. House delegation	4 Democrats 1 Republican (list)
Time zones
• primary	Pacific: UTC −8/−7
• primary for Malheur County	Mountain: UTC −7/−6
ISO 3166	US-OR
Abbreviations	OR, Ore.
Website	www.oregon.gov

Oregon state symbols
The Flag of Oregon
The Seal of Oregon
Living insignia
Bird	Western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
Crustacean	Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister)
Fish	Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Flower	Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium)
Grass	Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata)
Insect	Oregon swallowtail (Papilio oregonius)
Mammal	American beaver (Castor canadensis)
Tree	Douglas-fir
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Dance	Square dance
Food	Pear (Pyrus)
Fossil	Metasequoia
Gemstone	Oregon sunstone
Rock	Thunderegg
Shell	Oregon hairy triton (Fusitriton oregonensis)
Slogan	The Union
Soil	Jory soil
Other	Nut: Hazelnut
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2005
Lists of United States state symbols

Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers, and settlers arrived. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848. Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles (250,000 km2), Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, 27th most populous U.S. state. The capital, Salem, is the second most populous city in Oregon, with 169,798 residents. Portland, with 647,805, ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities. The Portland metropolitan area, which also includes the city of Vancouver, Washington, to the north, ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,453,168.

Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S.,[7] marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands. At 11,249 feet (3,429 m), Mount Hood, a stratovolcano, is the state's highest point. Oregon's only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is also home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae, a fungus that runs beneath 2,200 acres (8.9 km2) of the Malheur National Forest.[8]

Because of its diverse landscapes and waterways, Oregon's economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing, and hydroelectric power. Oregon is also the top timber producer of the contiguous United States, and the timber industry dominated the state's economy in the 20th century.[9] Technology is another one of Oregon's major economic forces, beginning in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc., headquartered in Beaverton, is the state's largest public corporation with an annual revenue of $30.6 billion.[10]

As of 2015, Oregon ranks as the 17th highest in median household income at $60,834.[2] The gross domestic product (GDP) of Oregon in 2013 was $219.6 billion, a 2.7% increase from 2012; Oregon is the 25th wealthiest state by GDP. In 2003, Oregon was 28th in the U.S. by GDP. The state's per capita personal income (PCPI) in 2013 was $39,848, a 1.5% increase from 2012. Oregon ranks 33rd in the U.S. by PCPI, compared to 31st in 2003. The national PCPI in 2013 was $44,765.[101]

Oregon's unemployment rate was 5.5% in September 2016,[102] while the U.S. unemployment rate was 5.0% that month.[103] Oregon has the third largest amount of food stamp users in the nation (21% of the population).[104]

High technology industries located in Silicon Forest have been a major employer since the 1970s. Tektronix was the largest private employer in Oregon until the late 1980s. Intel's creation and expansion of several facilities in eastern Washington County continued the growth that Tektronix had started. Intel, the state's largest for-profit private employer,[128][129] operates four large facilities, with Ronler Acres, Jones Farm and Hawthorn Farm all located in Hillsboro.[130]

The spinoffs and startups that were produced by these two companies led to the establishment in that area of the so-called Silicon Forest. The recession and dot-com bust of 2001 hit the region hard; many high technology employers reduced the number of their employees or went out of business. Open Source Development Labs made news in 2004 when they hired Linus Torvalds, developer of the Linux kernel. In 2010, biotechnology giant Genentech opened a $400 million facility in Hillsboro to expand its production capabilities.[131] Oregon is home to several large datacenters that take advantage of cheap power and a climate conducive to reducing cooling costs. Google operates a large datacenter in The Dalles, and Facebook built a large datacenter near Prineville in 2010. Amazon opened a datacenter near Boardman in 2011, and a fulfillment center in Troutdale in 2018.[132][133]

Especially since the 1990 passage of Measure 5, which set limits on property tax levels, Oregon has struggled to fund higher education. Since then, Oregon has cut its higher education budget and now ranks 46th in the country in state spending per student. However, 2007 legislation funded the university system far beyond the governor's requested budget though still capping tuition increases at 3% per year.[193] Oregon supports a total of seven public universities and one affiliate. It is home to three public research universities: The University of Oregon (UO) in Eugene and Oregon State University (OSU) in Corvallis, both classified as research universities with very high research activity, and Portland State University which is classified as a research university with high research activity.[194]

UO is the state's highest nationally-ranked and most selective[195] public university by U.S. News & World Report and Forbes.[196] OSU is the state's only land-grant university, has the state's largest enrollment for fall 2014,[197] and is the state's highest ranking university according to Academic Ranking of World Universities, Washington Monthly, and QS World University Rankings.[198] OSU receives more annual funding for research than all other public higher education institutions in Oregon combined.[199] The state's urban Portland State University has Oregon's second largest enrollment.

The state has three regional universities: Western Oregon University in Monmouth, Southern Oregon University in Ashland, and Eastern Oregon University in La Grande. The Oregon Institute of Technology has its campus in Klamath Falls. The quasi-public Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) includes medical, dental, and nursing schools, and graduate programs in biomedical sciences in Portland and a science and engineering school in Hillsboro. The state also supports 17 community colleges.

Eliot Hall at Reed College

Oregon is home to a wide variety of private colleges, the majority of which are located in the Portland area. The University of Portland and Marylhurst University are both Catholic universities located in or near Portland, affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, and the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, respectively. Reed College, a rigorous liberal arts college in Portland, was ranked by Forbes as the 52nd best college in the country in 2015.[200]

Other private institutions in Portland include Concordia University; Lewis & Clark College; Multnomah University; Portland Bible College; Warner Pacific College; Cascade College; the National University of Natural Medicine; and Western Seminary, a theological graduate school. Pacific University is in the Portland suburb of Forest Grove. There are also private colleges further south in the Willamette Valley. McMinnville is home to Linfield College, while nearby Newberg is home to George Fox University. Salem is home to two private schools: Willamette University (the state's oldest, established during the provisional period) and Corban University. Also located near Salem is Mount Angel Seminary, one of America's largest Roman Catholic seminaries. The state's second medical school, the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Northwest, is located in Lebanon. Eugene is home to three private colleges: Northwest Christian University, New Hope Christian College, and Gutenberg College.

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School: Pioneer Pacific College Program: Work with Webgraphics design packages: Frontpage 2000 Photoshop Flash Learn popular Web programming languages: Java scripting Visual Basic for Applications DHTML Study to become: Website designer Website and server administrator CIW certified* WOW certified* :: Concentration: Web Engineering :: Campus    ::  Location: Portland, OR ::  more info

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The Web Graphics Designer Master Certificate Program provides students with a solid grounding in the tools and skills of computer-generated design, to be utilized in both print and web based projects.

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